EU Taxonomy
EnBW
Siemens Energy
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Key Challenges
100gCO2/kWh even for
262gCO2/kWh as “doing
transitional activities
significant harm”
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Technology Readiness
Our mission: 100% hydrogen
Power output*
100%
25%
50%
75%
Siemens gas
H₂ content in natural
SGT5-9000HL
593
30
gas (volume percent)
turbines H₂
SGT5-8000H
450
30
Hz
0
5
SGT5-4000F
329
30
capacities
SGT5-2000E
187
30
SGT6-9000HL
405
30
SGT6-8000H
310
30
Hz
0
6
SGT6-5000F
215
30
SGT6-2000E
117
30
SGT-A65
58 – 62
100
15
SGT-800
48 – 57
50
SGT-A45
41 – 44
100
SGT-750
34 – 41
40
SGT-700
33
55
SGT-A35
27 – 37
100
15
SGT-600
24
60
SGT-400
10 – 14
65
10
SGT-300
8
30
SGT-100
5
65
30
SGT-A05
4 – 6
15
2
Source: Siemens
* MW, ISO, base load, natural gas version 2.0, March 2019
DLE burner
WLE burner
Diffusion burner (with unabated NO emissions)
X
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Example - Industrial GTs: 250gCO2/kWh require
50 vol % hydrogen co-firing
SGT-800 Single Cycle (62MW(e))
SGT-800 SC
75 vol-% H2 halves the carbon
footprint
SGT-800 CC
SGT-800 Combined Cycle
75 vol-% H2 halves the carbon
SGT-800 Cogen
footprint
EIB limit (250CO g/kWh)
2
Taxonomy limit (“does significant harm”)
(262gCO /kWh)
2
Taxonomy limit („sustainable“)
(100gCO /kWh over the lifecycle)
2
Author | Department
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Ramp-up scenarios for carbon-neutral gases
leading to zero emissions in 2050
Hydrogen Co-firing
100%
EnBW opt.
90%
EnBW cons.
Siem
Siemens
ens
80%
Energy
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
EnBW, FfE Study on the application of the EU Taxonomy and review of the
2015
2020
2025
2030
2035
2040
2045
2050
2055
requirements in the energy sector with a focus on gas
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Average emissions on average over the asset life-
time based on the conservative ramp-up scenario
Single Cycle (SCPP)
Average emissions till 2050:
315g CO2/kWh
250g CO2 / /kWh threshold (see EIB)
Combined Cycle (CCPP)
Average emissions till 2050:
218g CO2/kWh
Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
Average emissions till 2050:
148g CO2/kWh
Hydrogen and biogas accounted with zero emissions
Author | Department
6
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Unrestricted © Siemens Energy, 2020
7
III
Results for an optimistic and a conservative gas mix scenario (CO2e/kWh share per
decade) – blue hydrogen sensitivity analysis
Conservative Scenario
Optimistic Scenario
Explanation
400
400
t
359.7 g CO2e/kWh
›
By 2030, mainly natural gas in
a
344.1 g CO2e/kWh
e 350
h
eat 350
Blue H2
d
h
the system; in the short-term blue
n
d
a 300
Other LC
an
30 g CO
300
Other LC
2e/
245.9 g CO
hydrogen available faster than green
2e/kWh
emissions
ty
ici
emissions
ctricity
kWh
250
Green
250
hydrogen; establishment of RE
le
lectr
Green
e
Hydrogen
e
h
Hydrogen
200
infrastructure for production of green
… a corridor
200
178.4 g CO
Blue
2e/kWh
/kW
e 2
e/kWh
Blue
Hydrogen
H
2
O 150
2; development supported by EU and
between 160 –
150
Hydrogen
CO
g C
108.3 g CO2e/kWh
Biomethane
g
national hydrogen strategies
in
in
Biomethane
216 g
0 100
0
100
1
100
›
Decades 2030 to 2040 transition
P
CO e/kWh can
2
W
Natural Gas
40.8 g CO
50
2e/kWh
Natural Gas
G
50
GWP
to a hydrogen economy, ramp-up
be achieved
0
0
availability of H2 with simultaneous
2020 - 2030
2030 - 2040
2040 - 2050
2020 - 2030
2030 - 2040
2040 - 2050
decline in gas consumption in the
400
400
power sector due to increasing
365.0 g CO2e/kWh
351.7 g CO
Blue H
2e/kWh
eat 350
eat 350
renewable energies
2
h
h
130 g CO
d
d
an
an
Other LC
›
In the optimistic scenario, 2040
2e/
300
Other LC
300
276.4 g CO
ty
kWh
ty
2e/kWh
emissions
ici
emissions
ici
224.0 g CO
overall power plant portfolio are
2e/kWh
250
250
lectr
Green
lectr
Green
e
climate-neutral (i.a. for gas power
e
Hydrogen
Hydrogen
… a corridor
200
200
plants through conversion to H
Blue
2,
e/kWh
Blue
157.0 g CO
e/kWh
between 195 –
2
2e/kWh
2
Hydrogen
150
Hydrogen
biogas, CCS etc.)
150
CO
CO
247 g
g
g
Biomethane
in
Biomethane
in
86.4 g CO
100
100
2e/kWh
CO2e/kWh can
100
100
Natural Gas
Natural Gas
be achieved
50
50
GWP
GWP
0
0
Author | Department
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2020 - 2030
2030 - 2040
2040 - 2050
2020 - 2030
2030 - 2040
2040 - 2050
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Why more realistic thresholds matter.
Competitive disadvantage for
Gas-fired power stations enable the
More realistic thresholds provide
European manufacturing sites in
transition from lignite to renewables
incentives to access green financing
international projects
and can be used as a leverage to
with contractual arrangements to
demand a faster coal phase out.
lower emissions
Access to export credits and
financing for international
Eligibility for EU Recovery Fund
Accelerating the transition
competitiveness
and the Just Transition Fund
The explicit inclusion of transitional
Gas-fired power generation might be
activities in the regulation is being
excluded from capacity mechanisms
ignored by the draft delegated act
Review of EU State Aid Guidelines
Screening criteria don’t
for Energy
differentiate between the two
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Our proposal for a taxonomy that manages the
transition to accelerate decarbonisation
1 Screening criteria should clearly distinguish sustainable activities and transitional activities
as mandated by the taxonomy regulation
2 Thresholds for gas-fired power generations should be considered over the life-time of the
asset, capped at 40 years, but reaching close to zero gCO2e/kWh by 2050
3 The threshold for gas-fired power generation as a
transitional activity should be increased
to at least 250gCO2/kWh on average over the life-time of the asset (aligned with point 2)
The threshold for gas-fired power generation to be considered as
doing no significant harm
4 should be based on best available technologies and aligned with the EU Electricity
Regulation: 350gCO2/kWh or 700kg CO2/kW
5 Gas network extension in the context of a coal-to-gas shift should be eligible if they are
hydrogen-ready
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