This is an HTML version of an attachment to the Freedom of Information request 'Copyright trilogue'.

Version 4.1
30/11/2018
Proposal for a directive of the European Parliament and of the Council
on copyright in the Digital Single Market
COM (2016) 593 final - 2016/0280 (COD)
PART 1: CITATIONS AND RECITALS
Cell in green: The text can be deemed as already agreed
Cell in yellow: The issue needs further discussion at technical level
Cell in red: The issue needs further discussion in depth at the trilogue meetings
Note:
Differences between the EP's position and the Commission's proposal are highlighted in Bold/Italics. Deletions are marked with
strikethrough.
Differences between the Council's position and the Commission's proposal are highlighted in Bold/Underlined.
Deletions are marked with strikethrough.

1

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1.
Proposal for a
Proposal for a
Proposal for a
DIRECTIVE OF THE
DIRECTIVE OF THE
DIRECTIVE OF THE
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT
AND OF THE COUNCIL
AND OF THE COUNCIL
AND OF THE COUNCIL
on copyright in the Digital
on copyright in the Digital
on copyright in the Digital
Single Market
Single Market
Single Market
(Text with EEA relevance)
(Text with EEA relevance)
(Text with EEA relevance)
2.
THE EUROPEAN
THE EUROPEAN
THE EUROPEAN
PARLIAMENT AND THE
PARLIAMENT AND THE
PARLIAMENT AND THE
COUNCIL OF THE
COUNCIL OF THE
COUNCIL OF THE
EUROPEAN UNION,
EUROPEAN UNION,
EUROPEAN UNION,
3.
Having regard to the Treaty on
Having regard to the Treaty on
Having regard to the Treaty on
the Functioning of the
the Functioning of the
the Functioning of the
European Union, and in
European Union, and in
European Union, and in
particular Article 114 thereof,
particular Article 114 thereof,
particular
Article Articles 53(1), 62 and
114 thereof
2

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4.
Having regard to the proposal
Having regard to the proposal
Having regard to the proposal
from the European
from the European
from the European
Commission,
Commission,
Commission,
5.
After transmission of the draft
After transmission of the draft
After transmission of the draft
legislative act to the national
legislative act to the national
legislative act to the national
parliaments,
parliaments,
parliaments,
6.
Having regard to the opinion of
Having regard to the opinion of
Having regard to the opinion of
the European Economic and
the European Economic and
the European Economic and
Social Committee1,
Social Committee1,
Social Committee1,
7.
Having regard to the opinion of
Having regard to the opinion of
Having regard to the opinion of
the Committee of the Regions2,
the Committee of the Regions2,
the Committee of the Regions2,
8.
Acting in accordance with the
Acting in accordance with the
Acting in accordance with the
ordinary legislative procedure,
ordinary legislative procedure,
ordinary legislative procedure,
9.
Whereas:
Whereas:
Whereas:
10.
(1)
The Treaty provides for
(1)
The Treaty provides for
(1)
The Treaty provides for
the establishment of an internal
the establishment of an internal
the establishment of an internal
market and the institution of a
market and the institution of a
market and the institution of a
system ensuring that
system ensuring that
system ensuring that
1
OJ C , , p. .
2
OJ C , , p. .
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competition in the internal
competition in the internal
competition in the internal
market is not distorted.
market is not distorted.
market is not distorted.
Harmonisation of the laws of
Harmonisation of the laws of
Harmonisation of the laws of
the Member States on copyright
the Member States on copyright
the Member States on copyright
and related rights should
and related rights should
and related rights should
contribute further to the
contribute further to the
contribute further to the
achievement of those
achievement of those
achievement of those
objectives.
objectives.
objectives.
11.
(2)
The directives which
(2) The directives which have
(2)
The
have been adopted in the area
been adopted in the area of
directivesDirectives which
of copyright and related rights
copyright and related rights
have been adopted in the area
provide for a high level of
contribute to the functioning
of copyright and related rights
protection for rightholders and
of the internal market, provide
provide for a high level of
create a framework wherein the
for a high level of protection for
protection for rightholders and
exploitation of works and other
rightholders, facilitate the
create a framework wherein the
protected subject-matter can
clearance of rights and create a
exploitation of works and other
take place. This harmonised
framework wherein the
protected subject-matter can
legal framework contributes to
exploitation of works and other
take place. This harmonised
the good functioning of the
protected subject-matter can
legal framework contributes to
internal market; it stimulates
take place. This harmonised
the good functioning of the
innovation, creativity,
legal framework contributes to
internal market; it stimulates
investment and production of
the good functioning of the a
innovation, creativity,
new content, also in the digital
truly integrated internal
investment and production of
environment. The protection
market; it stimulates
new content, also in the digital
provided by this legal
innovation, creativity,
environment. The protection
framework also contributes to
investment and production of
provided by this legal
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the Union's objective of
new content, also in the digital
framework also contributes to
respecting and promoting
environment, with a view to
the Union's objective of
cultural diversity while at the
avoiding fragmentation of the
respecting and promoting
same time bringing the
internal market. The protection
cultural diversity while at the
European common cultural
provided by this legal
same time bringing the
heritage to the fore. Article
framework also contributes to
European common cultural
167(4) of the Treaty on the
the Union's objective of
heritage to the fore. Article
Functioning of the European
respecting and promoting
167(4) of the Treaty on the
Union requires the Union to
cultural diversity while at the
Functioning of the European
take cultural aspects into
same time bringing the
Union requires the Union to
account in its action.
European common cultural
take cultural aspects into
heritage to the fore. Article
account in its action.
167(4) of the Treaty on the
Functioning of the European
Union requires the Union to
take cultural aspects into
account in its action.
12.
(3)
Rapid technological
(3) Rapid technological
(3)
Rapid technological
developments continue to
developments continue to
developments continue to
transform the way works and
transform the way works and
transform the way works and
other subject-matter are created,
other subject-matter are created,
other subject-matter are created,
produced, distributed and
produced, distributed and
produced, distributed and
exploited. New business models
exploited, and relevant
exploited. New business models
and new actors continue to
legislation needs to be future
and new actors continue to
emerge. The objectives and the
proof so as not to restrict
emerge. The objectives and the
principles laid down by the
technological development.
principles laid down by the
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Union copyright framework
New business models and new
Union copyright framework
remain sound. However, legal
actors continue to emerge. The
remain sound. However, legal
uncertainty remains, for both
objectives and the principles
uncertainty remains, for both
rightholders and users, as
laid down by the Union
rightholders and users, as
regards certain uses, including
copyright framework remain
regards certain uses, including
cross-border uses, of works and
sound. However, legal
cross-border uses, of works and
other subject-matter in the
uncertainty remains, for both
other subject-matter in the
digital environment. As set out
rightholders and users, as
digital environment. As set out
in the Communication of the
regards certain uses, including
in the Communication of the
Commission entitled ‘Towards
cross-border uses, of works and
Commission entitled ‘Towards
a modern, more European
other subject-matter in the
a modern, more European
copyright framework’3, in some
digital environment. As set out
copyright framework’3, in some
areas it is necessary to adapt
in the Communication of the
areas it is necessary to adapt
and supplement the current
Commission entitled 'Towards
and supplement the current
Union copyright framework.
a modern, more European
Union copyright framework.
This Directive provides for
copyright framework'3in some
keeping a high level of
rules to adapt certain exceptions
areas it is necessary to adapt
protection of copyright and
and limitations to digital and
and supplement the current
related rights. This Directive
cross-border environments, as
Union copyright framework.
provides for rules to adapt
well as measures to facilitate
This Directive provides for
certain exceptions and
certain licensing practices as
rules to adapt certain exceptions
limitations to digital and cross-
regards the dissemination of
and limitations to digital and
border environments, as well as
out-of-commerce works and the
cross-border environments, as
measures to facilitate certain
online availability of
well as measures to facilitate
licensing practices as regards
audiovisual works on video-on-
certain licensing practices as
the dissemination of out-of-
3
COM(2015) 626 final.
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demand platforms with a view
regards the dissemination of
commerce works and the online
to ensuring wider access to
out-of-commerce works and the
availability of audiovisual
content. In order to achieve a
online availability of
works on video-on-demand
well-functioning marketplace
audiovisual works on video-on-
platforms with a view to
for copyright, there should also
demand platforms with a view
ensuring wider access to
be rules on rights in
to ensuring wider access to
content. In order to achieve a
publications, on the use of
content. In order to achieve a
well-functioning marketplace
works and other subject-matter
well-functioning and fair
for copyright, there should also
by online service providers
marketplace for copyright, there
be rules on rights in
storing and giving access to
should also be rules on rights in
publications, on the use of
user uploaded content and on
publications, on the exercise
works and other subject-matter
the transparency of authors' and
and enforcement of the use of
by online service providers
performers' contracts.
works and other subject-matter
storing and giving access to
by on online service providers
user uploaded content and on
storing and giving access to
the transparency of authors' and
user uploaded content
performers' contracts.
providers’ platforms and on the
transparency of authors' and
performers' contracts and of the
accounting linked with the
exploitation of protected works
in accordance with those
contracts.

13.
(4)
This Directive is based
(4) This Directive is based
(4)
This Directive is based
upon, and complements, the
upon, and complements, the
upon, and complements, the
rules laid down in the
rules laid down in the
rules laid down in the
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Directives currently in force in
Directives currently in force in
Directives currently in force in
this area, in particular Directive
this area, in particular Directive
this area, in particular Directive
96/9/EC of the European
96/9/EC of the European
96/9/EC of the European
Parliament and of the Council4,
Parliament and of the Council4,
Parliament and of the
Directive 2001/29/EC of the
Directive 2000/31/EC of the
Council44, Directive
European Parliament and of the
European Parliament and of
2000/31/EC of the European
Council6, Directive
the Council5, Directive
Parliament and of the
2006/115/EC of the European
2001/29/EC of the European
Council5, Directive
Parliament and of the Council7,
Parliament and of the Council6 ,
2001/29/EC of the European
Directive 2009/24/EC of the
Directive 2006/115/EC of the
Parliament and of the Council6,
European Parliament and of the
European Parliament and of the
Directive 2006/115/EC of the
Council8, Directive 2012/28/EU
Council7, Directive 2009/24/EC
European Parliament and of the
of the European Parliament and
of the European Parliament and
Council7, Directive 2009/24/EC
of the Council9 and Directive
of the Council8, Directive
of the European Parliament and
2014/26/EU of the European
2012/28/EU of the European
of the Council8, Directive
Parliament and of the Council10. Parliament and of the Council9
2012/28/EU of the European
and Directive 2014/26/EU of
4
Directive 96/9/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 1996 on the legal protection of databases (OJ L 77, 27.3.1996, p. 20–
28).
5
Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in
particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (OJ L 178, 17.07.2000, p. 1–16).

6
Directive 2001/29/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 May 2001 on the harmonisation of certain aspects of copyright and related
rights in the information society (OJ L 167, 22.6.2001, p. 10–19).
7
Directive 2006/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on rental right and lending right and on certain rights
related to copyright in the field of intellectual property (OJ L 376, 27.12.2006, p. 28–35).
8
Directive 2009/24/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009 on the legal protection of computer programs (OJ L
111, 5.5.2009, p. 16–22).
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the European Parliament and of
Parliament and of the Council9
the Council10 .
and Directive 2014/26/EU of
the European Parliament and of
the Council10.
14.
(5)
In the fields of research,
(5) In the fields of research,
(5)
In the fields of research,
education and preservation of
innovation, education and
education and preservation of
cultural heritage, digital
preservation of cultural
cultural heritage, digital
technologies permit new types
heritage, digital technologies
technologies permit new types
of uses that are not clearly
permit new types of uses that
of uses that are not clearly
covered by the current Union
are not clearly covered by the
covered by the current Union
rules on exceptions and
current Union rules on
rules on exceptions and
limitations. In addition, the
exceptions and limitations. In
limitations. In addition, the
optional nature of exceptions
addition, the optional nature of
optional nature of exceptions
and limitations provided for in
exceptions and limitations
and limitations provided for in
Directives 2001/29/EC,
provided for in Directives
Directives 2001/29/EC,
96/9/EC and 2009/24/EC in
2001/29/EC, 96/9/EC and
96/9/EC and 2009/24/EC in
these fields may negatively
2009/24/EC in these fields may
these fields may negatively
impact the functioning of the
negatively impact the
impact the functioning of the
internal market. This is
functioning of the internal
internal market. This is
particularly relevant as regards
market. This is particularly
particularly relevant as regards
cross-border uses, which are
relevant as regards cross-border
cross-border uses, which are
9
Directive 2012/28/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on certain permitted uses of orphan works (OJ L
299, 27.10.2012, p. 5–12).
10
Directive 2014/26/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on collective management of copyright and
related rights and multi-territorial licensing of rights in musical works for online use in the internal market (OJ L 84, 20.3.2014, p. 72–98).
9

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becoming increasingly
uses, which are becoming
becoming increasingly
important in the digital
increasingly important in the
important in the digital
environment. Therefore, the
digital environment. Therefore,
environment. Therefore, the
existing exceptions and
the existing exceptions and
existing exceptions and
limitations in Union law that
limitations in Union law that
limitations in Union law that
are relevant for scientific
are relevant for innovation,
are relevant for scientific
research, teaching and
scientific research, teaching and
research, teaching and
preservation of cultural heritage
preservation of cultural heritage
preservation of cultural heritage
should be reassessed in the light
should be reassessed in the light
should be reassessed in the light
of those new uses. Mandatory
of those new uses. Mandatory
of those new uses. Mandatory
exceptions or limitations for
exceptions or limitations for
exceptions or limitations for
uses of text and data mining
uses of text and data mining
uses of text and data mining
technologies in the field of
technologies in the field of
technologies in the field of
scientific research, illustration
innovation and scientific
scientific research, illustration
for teaching in the digital
research, illustration for
for teaching in the digital
environment and for
teaching in the digital
environment and for
preservation of cultural heritage
environment and for
preservation of cultural heritage
should be introduced. For uses
preservation of cultural heritage
should be introduced. For uses
not covered by the exceptions
should be introduced. For uses
not covered by the exceptions
or the limitation provided for in
not covered by the exceptions
or the limitation provided for in
this Directive, the exceptions
or the limitation provided for in
this Directive, theThe
and limitations existing in
this Directive, the exceptions
exceptions and limitations
Union law should continue to
and limitations existing in
existing in Union law should
apply. Directives 96/9/EC and
Union law should continue to
continue to apply, including to
2001/29/EC should be adapted.
apply. Therefore, existing well-
text and data mining,
functioning exceptions in those education and preservation
fields should be allowed to

activities, as long as they do
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continue to be available in
not limit the scope of the
Member States, as long as they
mandatory exceptions laid
do not restrict the scope of the
down in this Directive and on
exceptions or limitations
condition that their
provided for in this Directive.
application does not adversely
Directives 96/9/EC and
affect nor circumvent the
2001/29/EC should be adapted.
mandatory rules set out in
this Directive
. Directives
96/9/EC and 2001/29/EC
should be adapted.
15.
(6)
The exceptions and the
(6) The exceptions and the
(6)
The exceptions and the
limitation set out in this
limitation limitations set out in
limitation set outprovided for
Directive seek to achieve a fair
this Directive seek to achieve a
in this Directive seek to achieve
balance between the rights and
fair balance between the rights
a fair balance between the
interests of authors and other
and interests of authors and
rights and interests of authors
rightholders on the one hand,
other rightholders on the one
and other rightholders on the
and of users on the other. They
hand, and of users on the other.
one hand, and of users on the
can be applied only in certain
They can be applied only in
other. They can be applied only
special cases which do not
certain special cases which do
in certain special cases which
conflict with the normal
not conflict with the normal
do not conflict with the normal
exploitation of the works or
exploitation of the works or
exploitation of the works or
other subject-matter and do not
other subject-matter and do not
other subject-matter and do not
unreasonably prejudice the
unreasonably prejudice the
unreasonably prejudice the
legitimate interests of the
legitimate interests of the
legitimate interests of the
rightholders.
rightholders.
rightholders.
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16.
(7)
The protection of
(7)
The protection of
(7)
The protection of
technological measures
technological measures
technological measures
established in Directive
established in Directive
established in Directive
2001/29/EC remains essential
2001/29/EC remains essential
2001/29/EC remains essential
to ensure the protection and the
to ensure the protection and the
to ensure the protection and the
effective exercise of the rights
effective exercise of the rights
effective exercise of the rights
granted to authors and to other
granted to authors and to other
granted to authors and to other
rightholders under Union law.
rightholders under Union law.
rightholders under Union law.
This protection should be
This protection should be
This protection should be
maintained while ensuring that
maintained while ensuring that
maintained while ensuring that
the use of technological
the use of technological
the use of technological
measures does not prevent the
measures does not prevent the
measures does not prevent the
enjoyment of the exceptions
enjoyment of the exceptions
enjoyment of the exceptions
and the limitation established in
and the limitation established in
and the limitation established in
this Directive, which are
this Directive, which are
this Directive, which are
particularly relevant in the
particularly relevant in the
particularly relevant in the
online environment.
online environment.
online environment..
Rightholders should have the
Rightholders should have the
Rightholders should have the
opportunity to ensure this
opportunity to ensure this
opportunity to ensure this
through voluntary measures.
through voluntary measures.
through voluntary measures.
They should remain free to
They should remain free to
They should remain free to
choose the format and the
choose the format and the
choose the format and the
modalities to provide the
modalities to provide the
modalities to
beneficiaries of the exceptions
beneficiaries of the exceptions
provideappropriate means of
and the limitation established in
and the limitation established in
enabling the beneficiaries of
this Directive with the means to
this Directive with the means to
the exceptions and the
benefit from them provided that
benefit from them provided that
limitation established in this
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such means are appropriate. In
such means are appropriate. In
Directive with the means to
the absence of voluntary
the absence of voluntary
benefit from them provided that
measures, Member States
measures, Member States
such means are appropriate. In
should take appropriate
should take appropriate
the absence of voluntary
measures in accordance with
measures in accordance with
measures, Member States
the first subparagraph of Article
the first subparagraph of Article
should take appropriate
6(4) of Directive 2001/29/EC.
6(4) of Directive 2001/29/EC.
measures in accordance with
the first subparagraph of Article
6(4) of Directive 2001/29/EC,
including where works and
other subject-matter are
made available through on-
demand services
.
17.
(8)
New technologies
(8) New technologies enable
(8)
New technologies
enable the automated
the automated computational
enable the automated
computational analysis of
analysis of information in
computational analysis of
information in digital form,
digital form, such as text,
information in digital form,
such as text, sounds, images or
sounds, images or data,
such as text, sounds, images or
data, generally known as text
generally known as text and
data, generally known as text
and data mining. Those
data mining. Those
and data mining. Those
technologies allow researchers
technologies allow researchers
technologies allow researchers
to process large amounts of
to process Text and data
to process large amounts of
information to gain new
mining allows the reading and
information with a view to
knowledge and discover new
analysis of large amounts of
gaingaining new knowledge
trends. Whilst text and data
digitally stored information to
and discoverdiscovering new
mining technologies are
gain new knowledge and
trends. Whilst text and data
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prevalent across the digital
discover new trends. Whilst text mining technologies are
economy, there is widespread
and data mining technologies
prevalent across the digital
acknowledgment that text and
are prevalent across the digital
economy, there is widespread
data mining can in particular
economy, there is widespread
acknowledgment that text and
benefit the research community
acknowledgment that text and
data mining can in particular
and in so doing encourage
data mining can in particular
benefit the research community
innovation. However, in the
benefit the research community
and in so doing
Union, research organisations
and in so doing encourage
encouragesupport innovation.
such as universities and
innovation. However, in the
However, in the Union, These
research institutes are
Union, research organisations
technologies benefit research
confronted with legal
such as universities and
organisations such as
uncertainty as to the extent to
research institutes are
universities and well as
which they can perform text
confronted with legal
cultural heritage institutions,
and data mining of content. In
uncertainty as to the extent to
which may also carry out
certain instances, text and data
which they can perform text
research institutesin the
mining may involve acts
and data mining of content. In
context of their main
protected by copyright and/or
certain instances, text and data
activities. However, in the
by the sui generis database
mining may involve acts
Union, such organisations and
right, notably the reproduction
protected by copyright and/or
institutions are confronted with
of works or other subject-matter
by the sui generis database
legal uncertainty as to the
and/or the extraction of
right, notably the reproduction
extent to which they can
contents from a database.
of works or other subject-matter
perform text and data mining of
Where there is no exception or
and/or the extraction of
content. In certain instances,
limitation which applies, an
contents from a database.
text and data mining may
authorisation to undertake such
Where there is no exception or
involve acts protected by
acts would be required from
limitation which applies, an
copyright and/or by the sui
rightholders. Text and data
authorisation to undertake such
generis database right, notably
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mining may also be carried out
acts would be required from
the reproduction of works or
in relation to mere facts or data
rightholders. Text and data
other subject-matter and/or the
which are not protected by
mining may also be carried out
extraction of contents from a
copyright and in such instances
in relation to mere facts or data
database. Where there is no
no authorisation would be
which are not protected by
exception or limitation which
required.
copyright and in such instances
applies, an authorisation to
no authorisation would be
undertake such acts would be
required.
required from rightholders.
[Last phrase of recital (8) of the
COM proposal was moved to
new recital (8a) Council's text -
see following row 18]

18.
(8a)
Text and data mining
may also be carried out in
relation to mere facts or data
which are not protected by
copyright and in such instances
no authorisation would be is
required under copyright law.
There may also be instances
of text and data mining which
do not involve acts of
reproduction or where the
reproductions made fall
under the 
The new exception
should be without prejudice to
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the existing mandatory
exception for temporary acts of
reproduction laid down in
Article 5(1) of Directive
2001/29/EC, which should
continue to apply to text and
data mining techniques which
do not involve the making of
copies beyond the scope of that
exception.
[First phrase of new recital
(8a) was taken from recital (8)
(last phrase), second phrase of
new recital (8a) was taken from
recital (10) (second phrase)]

19.
(8a)  For text and data mining
to occur, it is in most cases
necessary first to access
information and then to
reproduce it. It is generally
only after that information is
normalised that it can be
processed through text and
data mining. Once there is
lawful access to information, it
is when that information is

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being normalised that a
copyright-protected use takes
place, since this leads to a
reproduction by changing the
format of the information or by
extracting it from a database
into a format that can be
subjected to text and data
mining. The copyright-relevant
processes in the use of text and
data mining technology is,
consequently, not the text and
data mining process itself
which consists of a reading
and analysis of digitally stored,
normalised information, but
the process of accessing and
the process by which
information is normalised to
enable its automated
computational analysis,
insofar as this process involves
extraction from a database or
reproductions. The exceptions
for text and data mining
purposes provided for in this
Directive should be understood

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as referring to such copyright-
relevant processes necessary to
enable text and data mining.
Where existing copyright law
has been inapplicable to uses
of text and data mining, such
uses should remain unaffected
by this Directive.

20.
(9)
Union law already
(9)
Union law already
(9)
Union law already
provides certain exceptions and
provides certain exceptions and
provides for certain exceptions
limitations covering uses for
limitations covering uses for
and limitations covering uses
scientific research purposes
scientific research purposes
for scientific research purposes
which may apply to acts of text
which may apply to acts of text
which may apply to acts of text
and data mining. However,
and data mining. However,
and data mining. However,
those exceptions and limitations
those exceptions and limitations
those exceptions and limitations
are optional and not fully
are optional and not fully
are optional and not fully
adapted to the use of
adapted to the use of
adapted to the use of
technologies in scientific
technologies in scientific
technologies in scientific
research. Moreover, where
research. Moreover, where
research. Moreover, where
researchers have lawful access
researchers have lawful access
researchers have lawful access
to content, for example through
to content, for example through
to content, for example through
subscriptions to publications or
subscriptions to publications or
subscriptions to publications or
open access licences, the terms
open access licences, the terms
open access licences, the terms
of the licences may exclude text
of the licences may exclude text
of the licences may exclude text
and data mining. As research is
and data mining. As research is
and data mining. As research is
increasingly carried out with
increasingly carried out with
increasingly carried out with
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the assistance of digital
the assistance of digital
the assistance of digital
technology, there is a risk that
technology, there is a risk that
technology, there is a risk that
the Union's competitive
the Union's competitive
the Union's competitive
position as a research area will
position as a research area will
position as a research area will
suffer unless steps are taken to
suffer unless steps are taken to
suffer unless steps are taken to
address the legal uncertainty for
address the legal uncertainty for
address the legal uncertainty for
text and data mining.
text and data mining.
text and data mining.
21.
(10)
This legal uncertainty
(10) This legal uncertainty
(10)
This legal uncertainty
should be addressed by
should be addressed by
should be addressed by
providing for a mandatory
providing for a mandatory
providing for a mandatory
exception to the right of
exception for research
exception to the exclusive right
reproduction and also to the
organisations to the right of
of reproduction and also to the
right to prevent extraction from
reproduction and also to the
right to prevent extraction from
a database. The new exception
right to prevent extraction from
a database. The new exception
should be without prejudice to
a database. The new exception
should be without prejudice to
the existing mandatory
should be without prejudice to
the existing mandatory
exception on temporary acts of
the existing mandatory
exception on temporary acts of
reproduction laid down in
exception on temporary acts of
reproduction laid down in
Article 5(1) of Directive
reproduction laid down in
Article 5(1) of Directive
2001/29, which should continue
Article 5(1) of Directive
2001/29, which should continue
to apply to text and data mining
2001/29, which should continue
to apply to text and data mining
techniques which do not
to apply to text and data mining
techniques which do not
involve the making of copies
techniques which do not
involve the making of copies
going beyond the scope of that
involve the making of copies
going beyond the scope of that
exception. Research
going beyond the scope of that
exception. In line with the
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organisations should also
exception. Research
existing European research
benefit from the exception
organisations should also
policy, which encourages
when they engage into public-
benefit from the exception
universities and research
private partnerships.
when they engage into public-
institutes to develop
private partnerships.
collaborations with the
Educational establishments
private sector,
and cultural heritage
Researchresearch organisations
institutions that conduct
should also benefit from the
scientific research should also
exception when they engage
be covered by the text and data
into their research activities
mining exception, provided
are carried out in the
that the results of the research
framework of public-private
do not benefit an undertaking
partnerships. While research
exercising a decisive influence
organisations and cultural
upon such organisations in
heritage institutions should
particular. In the event that the
remain the beneficiaries of
research is carried out in the
the exception, they should be
framework of a public-private
able to rely on their private
partnership, the undertaking
partners for carrying out text
participating in the public-
and data mining, including by
private partnership should also
using their technological
have lawful access to the works tools.
and other subject matter. The
[The second phrase of recital
reproductions and extractions
(10) of the COM proposal was
made for text and data mining
moved to new recital (8a) - see
purposes should be stored in a
row 18]
secure manner and in a way
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that ensures that the copies are
only used for the purpose of
scientific research.

22.
(11)
Research organisations
(11)
Research organisations
(11)
Research organisations
across the Union encompass a
across the Union encompass a
across the Union encompass a
wide variety of entities the
wide variety of entities the
wide variety of entities the
primary goal of which is to
primary goal of which is to
primary goal of which is to
conduct scientific research or to
conduct scientific research or to
conduct scientific research or to
do so together with the
do so together with the
do so together with the
provision of educational
provision of educational
provision of educational
services. Due to the diversity of
services. Due to the diversity of
services. The term "scientific
such entities, it is important to
such entities, it is important to
research" within the meaning
have a common understanding
have a common understanding
of this Directive covers both
of the beneficiaries of the
of the beneficiaries of the
the natural sciences and the
exception. Despite different
exception. Despite different
human sciences. Due to the
legal forms and structures,
legal forms and structures,
diversity of such entities, it is
research organisations across
research organisations across
important to have a common
Member States generally have
Member States generally have
understanding of the
in common that they act either
in common that they act either
beneficiaries of the
on a not for profit basis or in
on a not for profit basis or in
exception.research
the context of a public-interest
the context of a public-interest
organisations. They should
mission recognised by the State.
mission recognised by the State.
for example cover entities
Such a public-interest mission
Such a public-interest mission
such as research institutes,
may, for example, be reflected
may, for example, be reflected
hospitals carrying out
through public funding or
through public funding or
research, universities,
through provisions in national
through provisions in national
including university libraries,
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laws or public contracts. At the
laws or public contracts. At the
or other higher education
same time, organisations upon
same time, organisations upon
institutions. Despite different
which commercial undertakings
which commercial undertakings
legal forms and structures,
have a decisive influence
have a decisive influence
research organisations across
allowing them to exercise
allowing them to exercise
the Member States generally
control because of structural
control because of structural
have in common that they act
situations such as their quality
situations such as their quality
either on a not for profit basis
of shareholders or members,
of shareholders or members,
or in the context of a public-
which may result in preferential
which may result in preferential
interest mission recognised by
access to the results of the
access to the results of the
the State. Such a public-interest
research, should not be
research, should not be
mission may, for example, be
considered research
considered research
reflected through public
organisations for the purposes
organisations for the purposes
funding or through provisions
of this Directive.
of this Directive.
in national laws or public
contracts. At the same
timeConversely, organisations
upon which commercial
undertakings have a decisive
influence allowing them to
exercise control because of
structural situations such as
their quality of shareholders or
members, which may result in
preferential access to the results
of the research, should not be
considered research
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organisations for the purposes
of this Directive.
23.
(11a) Cultural heritage
institutions should be
understood as covering
publicly accessible libraries,
museums and archives
regardless of the type of
works and other subject
matter which they hold in
their permanent collections,
as well as film or audio
heritage institutions. They
should include, among others,
national libraries and
national archives. They
should also include
educational establishments
and public sector
broadcasting organisations, as
far as their archives and
publicly accessible libraries
are concerned.

24.
(11b) Research organisations
and cultural heritage

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institutions, including the
persons attached thereto,
should be covered by the text
and data mining exception
regarding content to which
they have lawful access.
Lawful access should be
understood as covering access
to content based on open
access policy or through
contractual arrangements
between rightholders and
research organisations or
cultural heritage institutions,
such as subscriptions, or
through other lawful means.
For instance, in cases of
subscriptions taken by
research organisations or
cultural heritage institutions,
the persons attached thereto
covered by these
subscriptions would be
deemed to have lawful access.
Lawful access also covers
access to content that is freely
available online.

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25.
(11c) Research organisations
and cultural heritage
institutions may in certain
cases, for example for
subsequent verification of
scientific research results,
need to retain the copies
made under the exception for
the purposes of carrying out
text and data mining. In such
cases, the copies should be
stored in a secure
environment and not be
retained for longer than
necessary for the scientific
research activities. Member
States may determine, at
national level and after
discussions with relevant
stakeholders, further concrete
modalities for retaining the
copies, including the
possibility to appoint trusted
bodies for the purpose of
storing such copies. In order
not to unduly restrict the
application of the exception,

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these modalities should be
proportionate and limited to
what is needed for retaining
the copies in a safe manner
and preventing unauthorised
uses. Uses for the purpose of
scientific research other than
text and data mining, such as
scientific peer review and
joint research, should remain
covered, where applicable, by
the exception or limitation
provided for in Article 5(3)(a)
of Directive 2001/29/EC.

26.
(12)
In view of a potentially
(12)
In view of a potentially
(12)
In view of a potentially
high number of access requests
high number of access requests
high number of access requests
to and downloads of their works
to and downloads of their works
to and downloads of their
or other subject-matter,
or other subject-matter,
works or other subject-matter,
rightholders should be allowed
rightholders should be allowed
rightholders should be allowed
to apply measures where there
to apply measures where there
to apply measures wherewhen
is risk that the security and
is risk that the security and
there is risk that the security
integrity of the system or
integrity of the system or
and integrity of the systemtheir
databases where the works or
databases where the works or
systems or databases where the
other subject-matter are hosted
other subject-matter are hosted
works or other subject-matter
would be jeopardised. Those
would be jeopardised. Those
are hosted wouldcould be
measures should not exceed
measures should not exceed
jeopardised. ThoseSuch
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what is necessary to pursue the
what is necessary to pursue the
measures could for example
objective of ensuring the
objective of ensuring the
be used to ensure that only
security and integrity of the
security and integrity of the
persons having lawful access
system and should not
system and should not
to their data can access it,
undermine the effective
undermine the effective
including through IP address
application of the exception.
application of the exception.
validation or user
authentication. These
measures should not exceed
what is necessary to pursue the
objective of ensuring the
security and integrity of the
systemhowever remain
proportionate to the risks
involved 
and should not
undermine the effective
application of the
exceptionprevent or make
excessively difficult text and
data mining carried out by
researchers
.
27.
(13)
There is no need to
(13)
There is no need to
(13)
There is no need toIn
provide for compensation for
provide for compensation for
view of the nature and scope
rightholders as regards uses
rightholders as regards uses
of the exception, which is
under the text and data mining
under the text and data mining
limited to entities carrying
exception introduced by this
exception introduced by this
out scientific research any
Directive given that in view of
Directive given that in view of
potential harm to
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the nature and scope of the
the nature and scope of the
rightholders created through
exception the harm should be
exception the harm should be
this exception should be
minimal.
minimal.
minimal. Therefore, Member
States should not 
provide for
compensation for rightholders
as regards uses under the text
and data mining exception
introduced by this Directive
given that in view of the nature
and scope of the exception the
harm should be minimal.
(13a) In  addition  to  their
28.
(13a) In addition to their
significance in the context of
significance  in  the  context  of
scientific research, text and
scientific research, text and data
data mining techniques are
mining  techniques  are  widely
widely used both by private
used both by private and public
and public entities to analyse
entities to analyse large amounts
large amounts of data in
of data in different areas of life
different areas of life and for
and 
for 
various 
purposes,
various purposes, including
including 
for 
government
for government services,
services, 
complex 
business
complex business decisions
decisions  and  the  development
and the development of new
of 
new 
applications 
or
applications or technologies.
technologies. 
Rightholders
Rightholders should remain
should remain able to license the
able to license the uses of
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their works and other
uses  of  their  works  and  other
subject-matter falling outside
subject-matter  falling  outside
the scope of the mandatory
the  scope  of  the  mandatory
exception provided for in this
exception provided  for  in  this
Directive and the existing
Directive  and  the  existing
exceptions and limitations
exceptions 
and 
limitations
provided for in Directive
provided 
for 
in 
Directive
2001/29/EC. At the same
2001/29/EC.  At  the  same  time,
time, consideration should be
given to the fact that users of

consideration should be given to
text and data mining
the  fact  that  users  of  text  and
techniques may be faced with
data  mining  techniques  may  be
legal uncertainty as to
faced  with  legal  uncertainty as
whether temporary
to 
whether
reproductions and extractions
temporaryreproductions 
and
which are a part of the
extractions which  are  a  part  of
process of text and data
the  process  of made  for  the
mining may be carried out on
purposes of text and data mining
publicly available and
may  be  carried  out  on publicly
lawfully accessed works and
available and lawfully  accessed
other subject-matter, in
works and other subject-matter,
particular when the
in 
particular 
when 
the
reproductions or extractions
made for the purposes of the

reproductions  or  extractions
technical process may not
made  for  the  purposes  of  the
fulfil all the conditions of the
technical process may not fulfil
existing exception for
all the conditions of the existing
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temporary acts of
exception for temporary  acts of
reproduction in Article 5(1)
reproduction  in  Article  5(1)  of
of Directive 2001/29/EC. In
Directive 2001/29/EC.
order to provide for more
legal certainty in such cases,

In  order  to  provide  for  more
this Directive should enable
legal certainty in such cases and
the Member States to provide
to encourage innovation also in
under certain conditions for
the private sector, this Directive
an exception or limitation for
should  [enable the Member
temporary reproductions and
States to] provide under certain
extractions of works and
conditions  for  an  exception  or
other subject-matter, insofar
limitation 
for
as these form a part of the
temporaryreproductions 
and
text and data mining process
extractions  of  works  and  other
and the copies made are not
subject-matter, insofar  as  these
kept beyond that process.
This optional exception or

form  a  part  of  the for  the
limitation should only apply
purposes of text and data mining
when the work or other
process and  allow  the  copies
subject-matter is accessed
made are not to be kept beyond
lawfully by the beneficiary,
that process as long as necessary
including when it has been
for  the  text  and  data  mining
made available to the public
purposes. 
This
optional
online, and insofar as the
exception  or  limitation  should
rightholders have not
only  apply  when  the  work  or
reserved the right to make
other subject-matter is accessed
reproductions and extractions
lawfully  by  the  beneficiary,
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for text and data mining, for
including when it has been made
example by agreement,
available  to  the  public  online,
unilateral declaration,
and  insofar  as  the  rightholders
including through the use of
have  not  reserved  the  rightto
machine readable metadata
make 
reproductions 
and
or by the use of technical
extractions  for  text  and  data
means. Rightholders should
mining
for 
example 
by
be able to apply measures to
agreement, 
unilateral
ensure that their reservations
in this regard are respected.

declaration,  including  through
This optional exception or
the  use  of  machine  readable
limitation should leave intact
metadata  or  by  the  use  of
the mandatory exception for
technical  means.
in  an
text and data mining for
appropriate  manner. In the
research purposes laid down
case  of  content  that  has  been
in this Directive.
made 
publicly 
available
online,  it  should
only
be
considered 
appropriate 
to
reserve the rights by the use of
machine  readable  metadata.
In  other  cases,  it  may  be
appropriate  to  reserve  the
rights by other means, such as
this  may  be  expressed  by
contractual  agreements  or
unilateral 

declaration, 
as
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appropriate.
Rightholders
should 
be 
able 
to 
apply
measures  to  ensure  that  their
reservations  in  this  regard  are
respected. 
This
[optional]
exception  or  limitation  should
leave  intact  the  mandatory
exception  for  text  and  data
mining  for  research  purposes
laid  down  in  this  Directive,  as
well  as  the  existing  exception
for 
temporary 
acts 
of
reproduction  in  Article  5(1)  of
Directive 2001/29/EC.
[wording to be adapted once
decided whether Article 3a is
optional or mandatory]

29.
(13a) To encourage
innovation also in the private
sector, Member States should
be able to provide for an
exception going further than
the mandatory exception,
provided that the use of works
and other subject matter

32

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referred to therein has not
been expressly reserved by
their rightholders including by
machine readable means.

30.
(14)
Article 5(3)(a) of
(14)
Article 5(3)(a) of
(14)
Article 5(3)(a) of
Directive 2001/29/EC allows
Directive 2001/29/EC allows
Directive 2001/29/EC allows
Member States to introduce an
Member States to introduce an
Member States to introduce an
exception or limitation to the
exception or limitation to the
exception or limitation to the
rights of reproduction,
rights of reproduction,
rights of reproduction,
communication to the public
communication to the public
communication to the public
and  making available to the
and  making available to the
and making available to the
public for the sole purpose of,
public for the sole purpose of,
public of works and other
among others, illustration for
among others, illustration for
subject matter in such a way
teaching. In addition, Articles
teaching. In addition, Articles
that members of the public
6(2)(b) and 9(b) of Directive
6(2)(b) and 9(b) of Directive
may access them from a place
96/9/EC permit the use of a
96/9/EC permit the use of a
and a time individually
database and the extraction or
database and the extraction or
chosen by them (‘making
re-utilization of a substantial
re-utilization of a substantial
available to the public’), for
part of its contents for the
part of its contents for the
the sole purpose of, among
purpose of illustration for
purpose of illustration for
others, illustration for teaching.
teaching. The scope of those
teaching. The scope of those
In addition, Articles 6(2)(b) and
exceptions or limitations as
exceptions or limitations as
9(b) of Directive 96/9/EC
they apply to digital uses is
they apply to digital uses is
permit the use of a database and
unclear. In addition, there is a
unclear. In addition, there is a
the extraction or re-utilization
lack of clarity as to whether
lack of clarity as to whether
of a substantial part of its
those exceptions or limitations
those exceptions or limitations
contents for the purpose of
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would apply where teaching is
would apply where teaching is
illustration for teaching. The
provided online and thereby at a
provided online and thereby at a
scope of those exceptions or
distance. Moreover, the existing
distance. Moreover, the existing
limitations as they apply to
framework does not provide for
framework does not provide for
digital uses is unclear. In
a cross-border effect. This
a cross-border effect. This
addition, there is a lack of
situation may hamper the
situation may hamper the
clarity as to whether those
development of digitally-
development of digitally-
exceptions or limitations would
supported teaching activities
supported teaching activities
apply where teaching is
and distance learning.
and distance learning.
provided online and thereby at
Therefore, the introduction of a
Therefore, the introduction of a
a distance. Moreover, the
new mandatory exception or
new mandatory exception or
existing legal framework does
limitation is necessary to ensure
limitation is necessary to ensure
not provide for a cross-border
that educational establishments
that educational establishments
effect. This situation may
benefit from full legal certainty
benefit from full legal certainty
hamper the development of
when using works or other
when using works or other
digitally-supported teaching
subject-matter in digital
subject-matter in digital
activities and distance learning.
teaching activities, including
teaching activities, including
Therefore, the introduction of a
online and across borders.
online and across borders.
new mandatory exception or
limitation is necessary to ensure
that educational establishments
benefit from full legal certainty
when using works or other
subject-matter in digital
teaching activities, including
online and across borders.
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31.
(15)
While distance learning
(15) While distance learning
(15)
While distance learning
and cross-border education
and cross-border education
and cross-border education
programmes are mostly
programmes are mostly
programmes are mostly
developed at higher education
developed at higher education
developed at higher education
level, digital tools and resources
level, digital tools and resources
level, digital tools and resources
are increasingly used at all
are increasingly used at all
are increasingly used at all
education levels, in particular to
education levels, in particular to
education levels, in particular to
improve and enrich the learning
improve and enrich the learning
improve and enrich the learning
experience. The exception or
experience. The exception or
experience. The exception or
limitation provided for in this
limitation provided for in this
limitation provided for in this
Directive should therefore
Directive should therefore
Directive should therefore
benefit all educational
benefit all educational
benefit all educational
establishments in primary,
establishments in primary,
establishments inrecognised by
secondary, vocational and
secondary, vocational and
a Member State, including
higher education to the extent
higher education to the extent
primary, secondary, vocational
they pursue their educational
they pursue their educational
and higher education. It should
activity for a non-commercial
activity for a non-commercial
apply only to the extent they
purpose. The organisational
purpose. The organisational
pursue their educational activity
structure and the means of
structure and the means of
for a that the uses are justified
funding of an educational
funding of an educational
by the non-commercial
establishment are not the
establishment are not the
purpose. of the particular
decisive factors to determine
decisive factors to determine
teaching activity. The
the non-commercial nature of
the non-commercial nature of
organisational structure and the
the activity.
the activity. Where cultural
means of funding of an
heritage institutions pursue an
educational establishment
educational objective and are
areshould not be the decisive
involved in teaching activities,
factors to determine the non-
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it should be possible for
commercial nature of the
Member States to consider
activity.
those institutions as an
educational establishment
under this exception in so far
as their teaching activities are
concerned.

32.
(16)
The exception or
(16) The exception or
(16)
The exception or
GREEN
limitation should cover digital
limitation should cover digital
limitation for the sole purpose
(16)
The exception or
uses of works and other subject-
uses of works and other subject-
of illustration for teaching
limitation for the sole purpose
matter such as the use of parts
matter such as the use of parts
provided for in this Directive
of illustration for teaching
or extracts of works to support,
or extracts of works to support,
should cover be understood as
provided for in this Directive
enrich or complement the
enrich or complement the
covering digital uses of works
should cover be understood as
teaching, including the related
teaching, including the related
and other subject-matter such
covering digital uses of works
learning activities. The use of
learning activities. The
as the use of parts or extracts of
and other subject-matter such
the works or other subject-
exception or limitation of use
works to support, enrich or
as the use of parts or extracts of
matter under the exception or
should be granted as long as
complement the teaching,
works to support, enrich or
limitation should be only in the
the work or other subject-
including the related learning
complement the teaching,
context of teaching and learning
matter used indicates the
activities.
including the related learning
activities carried out under the
source, including the authors’
[…]*
activities.
responsibility of educational
name, unless that turns out to
establishments, including
be impossible for reasons of
In most cases, the concept of
[…]*
during examinations, and be
practicability. The use of the
illustration would therefore
In most cases, the concept of
limited to what is necessary for
works or other subject-matter
imply uses of parts or
illustration would therefore
the purpose of such activities.
under the exception or
extracts of works only, which
imply uses of parts or
The exception or limitation
limitation should be only in the
should not substitute the
extracts of works only, which
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should cover both uses through
context of teaching and learning
purchase of materials
should not substitute the
digital means in the classroom
activities carried out under the
primarily intended for
purchase of materials
and online uses through the
responsibility of educational
educational markets. When
primarily intended for
educational establishment's
establishments, including
implementing the exception
educational markets. When
secure electronic network, the
during examinations, and be
or limitation, Member States
implementing the exception
access to which should be
limited to what is necessary for
should remain free to specify,
or limitation, Member States
protected, notably by
the purpose of such activities.
for the different categories of
should remain free to specify,
authentication procedures. The
The exception or limitation
works or other subject-matter
for the different categories of
exception or limitation should
should cover both uses through
and in a balanced manner,
works or other subject-
be understood as covering the
digital means in the classroom
the proportion of a work or
matter and in a balanced
specific accessibility needs of
where the teaching activity is
other subject-matter that may
manner, the proportion of a
persons with a disability in the
physically provided, including
be used for the sole purpose
work or other subject-matter
context of illustration for
where it takes place outside the
of illustration for teaching.
that may be used for the sole
teaching.
premises of the educational
The Uses allowed under the
purpose of illustration for
establishment, for example in
exception or limitation should
teaching. The Uses allowed
libraries or cultural heritage
be understood to cover the
under the exception or
institutions, as long as the use
specific accessibility needs of
limitation should be understood
is made under the
persons with a disability in the
to cover the specific
responsibility of the
context of illustration for
accessibility needs of persons
educational establishment, and
teaching.
with a disability in the context
online uses through the
of illustration for teaching.
*[The second and third phrase
educational establishment's
of recital (16) of the COM
*[The second and third phrase
secure electronic network
proposal were moved to new
of recital (16) of the COM
environment, the access to
recital (16a) Council's text - see
proposal were moved to new
which should be protected,
row 33]
recital (16a) Council's text -
notably by authentication
see row 33]
procedures. The exception or
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limitation should be understood
[provisionally agreed at
as covering the specific
technical meeting tbc at
accessibility needs of persons
trilogue]
with a disability in the context
of illustration for teaching.
(16a) The use of the works or
33.
GREEN
other subject-matter under the
exception or limitation should
(16a) The use of the works or
be only in the context of
other subject-matter under the
teaching and learning activities
exception or limitation should
carried out under the
be only in the context of
responsibility of educational
teaching and learning activities
establishments, including
carried out under the
during examinations or
responsibility of educational
teaching activities taking
establishments, including
place outside the premises of
during examinations or
educational establishments,
teaching activities taking
for example in a museum,
place outside the premises of
library or another cultural
educational establishments,
heritage institution, and be
for example in a museum,
limited to what is necessary for
library or another cultural
the purpose of such activities.
heritage institution, and be
The exception or limitation
limited to what is necessary for
should cover both uses through
the purpose of such activities.
digital means of works and
The exception or limitation
other subject matter made in
should cover both uses through
the classroom and online uses
digital means of works and
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or in other venues through
other subject matter made in
digital meansfor example
the classroom and online uses
electronic whiteboards or
or in other venues through
digital devices which may be
digital meansfor example
connected to the Internet, as
electronic whiteboards or
well as uses made at a
digital devices which may be
distance through the
connected to the Internet, as
educational establishment's
well as uses made at a
secure electronic networks,
distance through the
such as online courses or
educational establishment's
access to teaching material
secure electronic networks
complementing a given
environmentssuch as online
course. Secure electronic
courses or access to teaching
networks should be
material complementing a
understood as digital teaching
given course. Secure
and learning environments
electronic networks
the access to which should be
environments should be
protected is limited to the
understood as digital teaching
educational establishment's
and learning environments
teaching staff and to the
the access to which should be
pupils or students enrolled in
protected is limited to the
a study programme, notably
educational establishment's
through appropriate
teaching staff and to the
authentication procedures,
pupils or students enrolled in
including password based
a study programme, notably
authentication.
through appropriate
authentication procedures,
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[Phrases  of  new  recital  (16a) including password based
were  taken  from  recital  (16) authentication.
(second and third phrase) of the
COM proposal – see row 32]

[provisionally 
agreed 
at
Trilogue 26/11/2018]
34.
(16a) A secure electronic
environment should be
understood as a digital
teaching and learning
environment, access to which
is limited through an
appropriate authentication
procedure to the educational

establishment’s teaching staff
and to the pupils or students
enrolled in a study programme.

35.
(17)
Different arrangements,
(17) Different arrangements,
(17)
Different arrangements,
GREEN
based on the implementation of
based on the implementation of
based on the implementation of
(17)
Different  arrangements,
the exception provided for in
the exception provided for in
the exception provided for in
based on the implementation of
Directive 2001/29/EC or on
Directive 2001/29/EC or on
Directive 2001/29/EC or on
the  exception  provided  for  in
licensing agreements covering
licensing agreements covering
licensing agreements covering
Directive  2001/29/EC  or  on
further uses, are in place in a
further uses, are in place in a
further uses, are in place in a
licensing  agreements  covering
number of Member States in
number of Member States in
number of Member States in
further  uses,  are  in  place  in  a
order to facilitate educational
order to facilitate educational
order to facilitate educational
number  of  Member  States  in
uses of works and other subject-
uses of works and other subject-
uses of works and other
order  to  facilitate  educational
matter. Such arrangements have
matter. Such arrangements have
subject-matter. Such
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usually been developed taking
usually been developed taking
arrangements have usually been
uses of works and other subject-
account of the needs of
account of the needs of
developed taking account of the
matter. Such arrangements have
educational establishments and
educational establishments and
needs of educational
usually  been  developed  taking
different levels of education.
different levels of education.
establishments and different
account 
of 
the 
needs 
of
Whereas it is essential to
Whereas it is essential to
levels of education. Whereas it
educational  establishments  and
harmonise the scope of the new
harmonise the scope of the new
is essential to harmonise the
different  levels  of  education.
mandatory exception or
mandatory exception or
scope of the new mandatory
Whereas  it  is  essential  to
limitation in relation to digital
limitation in relation to digital
exception or limitation in
harmonise the scope of the new
uses and cross-border teaching
uses and cross-border teaching
relation to digital uses and
mandatory 
exception 
or
activities, the modalities of
activities, the modalities of
cross-border teaching activities,
limitation  in  relation  to  digital
implementation may differ from
implementation may differ from
the modalities of
uses  and  cross-border  teaching
a Member State to another, to
a Member State to another, to
implementation may differ
activities,  the  modalities  of
the extent they do not hamper
the extent they do not hamper
from a Member State to
implementation may differ from
the effective application of the
the effective application of the
another, to the extent they do
a  Member  State  to  another,  to
exception or limitation or cross-
exception or limitation or cross-
not hamper the effective
the  extent  they  do  not  hamper
border uses. This should allow
border uses. This should allow
application of the exception or
the  effective  application  of  the
Member States to build on the
Member States to build on the
limitation or cross-border uses.
exception or limitation or cross-
existing arrangements
existing arrangements
Member States should for
border  uses.  This  should  allow
concluded at national level. In
concluded at national level. In
example remain free to
Member  States  to  build  on  the
particular, Member States could
particular, Member States could
require that the use of works
existing 
arrangements
decide to subject the application
decide to subject the application
and other subject matter
concluded  at  national  level.  In
of the exception or limitation,
of the exception or limitation,
should respect moral rights of
particular, Member States could
fully or partially, to the
fully or partially, to the
authors and performers. This
decide to subject the application
availability of adequate
availability of adequate
should allow Member States to
of  the exception  or  limitation,
licences, covering at least the
licences, covering. Such
build on the existing
fully  or  partially,  to  the
same uses as those allowed
licences can take the form of
arrangements concluded at
availability of adequate licences
under the exception. This
collective licensing
national level. In particular,
covering at  least  the  same  uses
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mechanism would, for example,
agreements, extended
Member States could decide to
as  those  allowed  under  the
allow giving precedence to
collective licensing agreements
subject the application of the
exception.
Member 
States
licences for materials which are
and licences that are
exception or limitation, fully or
should  ensure  that  where
primarily intended for the
negotiated collectively such as
partially, to the availability of
licenses  cover  only  partially
educational market. In order to
“blanket licences”, in order to
adequate licences, covering at
the  uses  allowed  under  the
avoid that such mechanism
avoid educational
least the same uses as those
exception,  all  the  other  uses
results in legal uncertainty or
establishments having to
allowed under the exception.
remain 
subject
to 
the
administrative burden for
negotiate individually with
ThisMember States could
exception.
Member 
States
educational establishments,
rightholders. Such licenses
notably use this mechanism
could  for  example  use  this
Member States adopting this
should be affordable and cover
would, for example, allow
mechanism to give precedence
approach should take concrete
at least the same uses as those
givingto give precedence to
to  licences  for  materials  which
measures to ensure that
allowed under the exception.
licences for materials which are
are  primarily  intended  for  the
licensing schemes allowing
This mechanism would, for
primarily intended for the
educational market or for sheet
digital uses of works or other
example, allow giving
educational market or for sheet
music.
subject-matter for the purpose
precedence to licences for
music. In order to avoid that
In  order  to  avoid  that the
of illustration for teaching are
materials which are primarily
such mechanism results in legal
possibility  to  subject  the
easily available and that
intended for the educational
uncertainty or administrative
application of the exception to
educational establishments are
market, or for teaching in
burden for educational
the  availability  of  licences
aware of the existence of such
educational establishments or
establishments, Member States
results  in  legal  uncertainty  or
licensing schemes.
sheet music. In order to avoid
adopting this approach should
administrative 
burden 
for
that such mechanism results in
take concrete measures to
educational 
establishments,
legal uncertainty or
ensure that rightholders make
Member  States  adopting  this
administrative burden for
the licensing schemes allowing
approach  should  take  concrete
educational establishments,
digital uses of works or other
measures  to  ensure  that right
Member States adopting this
subject-matter for the purpose
holders  make  the licensing
approach should take concrete
of illustration for teaching are
schemes allowing digital uses of
measures to ensure that such
easily available and that
works  or  other  subject-matter
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licensing schemes allowing
educational establishments are
for the purpose of illustration for
digital uses of works or other
aware of the existence of such
teaching are easily available and
subject-matter for the purpose
licensing schemes. Such
that  educational  establishments
of illustration for teaching are
measures may include the
are  aware  of  the  existence  of
easily available and that
development of licensing
such  licensing  schemes. Such
educational establishments are
schemes tailored to the needs
licensing  schemes measures
aware of the existence of such
of educational establishments
may  include  the  development
licensing schemes. Member
and the development of
of  licensing  schemes  tailored
States should be able to
information tools aimed at
to should  meet  the  needs  of
provide for systems to ensure
ensuring the visibility of the
educational 
establishments.
that there is fair compensation
existing licensing schemes.
and 
the 
development 
of
for rightholders for uses under
Information  tools  aiming at
those exceptions or limitations.
ensuring  the  visibility  of  the
Member States should be
existing 
licensing 
schemes
encouraged to use systems that
could also be developed.
do not create an administrative
Such  schemes  could,  for
burden, such as systems that
example, 
be 
based 
on
provide for one-off payments.
collective  licensing  or  on
[See Council’s recital (17a) -
extended collective licensing in
row 36]
order  to  avoid  educational
establishments 

having 
to
negotiate  individually  with
rightholders.

In  order  to
guarantee 
legal 
certainty,
Member States should specify
under  which  conditions  an
educational 

establishment
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may  use  protected  works  or
other  subject-matter  under
that 

exception 
and,
conversely, when it should act
under a licensing scheme.

[provisionally agreed at
Trilogue 26/11/2018]

36.
(17a) Member States should
GREEN
remain free to provide that
(17a) Member  States  should
rightholders receive fair
remain  free  to  provide  that
compensation for the digital
rightholders 
receive 
fair
uses of their works or other
compensation  for  the  digital
subject-matter under the
uses  of  their  works  or  other
exception or limitation for
subject-matter 
under 
the
illustration for teaching
exception  or  limitation  for
provided for in this Directive.
illustration 
for 
teaching
For the purposes of
provided  for  in  this  Directive.
determining the possible level
For the purposes of determining
of fair compensation, due
the  possible  level  of  fair
account should be taken,
compensation, 
due 
account
inter alia, of Member States'
should  be  taken,  inter  alia,  of
educational objectives and of
Member 
States' 
educational
the harm to rightholders.
objectives  and  of  the  harm  to
rightholders.  Member  States
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deciding  to  provide  for  fair
compensation should encourage
the use of systems, which do not
create administrative burden for
educational establishments.
[provisionally agreed at
Trilogue 26/11/2018]

37.
(17 a) In order to guarantee
legal certainty when a Member
State decides to subject the
application of the exception to
the availability of adequate
licences, it is necessary to
specify under which conditions
an educational establishment
may use protected works or
other subject-matter under that
exception and, conversely,
when it should act under a
licensing scheme.

38.
(18)
An act of preservation
(18) An act of preservation of a
(18)
An act of preservation
may require a reproduction of a
work or other subject-matter in
may require a reproduction of a
work or other subject-matter in
the collection of a cultural
work or other subject-matter in
the collection of a cultural
heritage institution may require
the collection of a cultural
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heritage institution and
a reproduction of a work or
heritage institution may
consequently the authorisation
other subject-matter in the
require a reproduction and
of the relevant rightholders.
collection of a cultural heritage
consequently the authorisation
Cultural heritage institutions are
institution and consequently
of the relevant rightholders.
engaged in the preservation of
require the authorisation of the
Cultural heritage institutions
their collections for future
relevant rightholders. Cultural
are engaged in the preservation
generations. Digital
heritage institutions are
of their collections for future
technologies offer new ways to
engaged in the preservation of
generations. Digital
preserve the heritage contained
their collections for future
technologies offer new ways to
in those collections but they
generations. Digital
preserve the heritage contained
also create new challenges. In
technologies offer new ways to
in those collections but they
view of these new challenges, it
preserve the heritage contained
also create new challenges. In
is necessary to adapt the current
in those collections but they
view of these new challenges, it
legal framework by providing a
also create new challenges. In
is necessary to adapt the current
mandatory exception to the
view of these new challenges, it
legal framework by providing a
right of reproduction in order to
is necessary to adapt the current
mandatory exception to the
allow those acts of preservation.
legal framework by providing a
right of reproduction in order to
mandatory exception to the
allow those acts of
right of reproduction in order to
preservation.
allow those acts of preservation
by such institutions.
39.
(19)
Different approaches in
(19) Different approaches in
(19)
Different approaches in
the Member States for acts of
the Member States for acts of
the Member States for acts of
preservation by cultural
reproduction for preservation
preservation by cultural
heritage institutions hamper
by cultural heritage institutions
heritage institutions hamper
cross-border cooperation and
hamper cross-border
cross-border cooperation and
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the sharing of means of
cooperationand the sharing of
the sharing of means of
preservation by cultural
means of preservation by
preservation by cultural
heritage institutions in the
cultural heritage institutions in
heritagesuch institutions in the
internal market, leading to an
the internal market, and the
internal market, leading to an
inefficient use of resources.
establishment of cross-border
inefficient use of resources.
preservation networks in the
internal market organisations
that are engaged in
preservation
, leading to an
inefficient use of resources.
This can have a negative
impact on the preservation of
cultural heritage.

40.
(20)
Member States should
(20) Member States should
(20)
Member States should
therefore be required to provide
therefore be required to provide
therefore be required to provide
for an exception to permit
for an exception to permit
for an exception to permit
cultural heritage institutions to
cultural heritage institutions to
cultural heritage institutions to
reproduce works and other
reproduce works and other
reproduce works and other
subject-matter permanently in
subject-matter permanently in
subject-matter permanently in
their collections for
their collections for
their collections for
preservation purposes, for
preservation purposes, for
preservation purposes, for
example to address
example to address
example to address
technological obsolescence or
technological obsolescence or
technological obsolescence or
the degradation of original
the degradation of original
the degradation of original
supports. Such an exception
supports or to insure works.
supports. Such an exception
should allow for the making of
Such an exception should allow
should allow for the making of
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copies by the appropriate
for the making of copies by the
copies by the appropriate
preservation tool, means or
appropriate preservation tool,
preservation tool, means or
technology, in the required
means or technology, in any
technology, in the required
number and at any point in the
format or medium, in the
number and at any point in the
life of a work or other subject-
required number, at any point in
life of a work or other subject-
matter to the extent required in
the life of a work or other
matter to the extent required in
order to produce a copy for
subject-matter and to the extent
order to produce a copy for
preservation purposes only.
required in order to produce a
preservation purposes only.
copy for preservation purposes
Acts of reproduction
only. The archives of research
undertaken by cultural
organisations or public-service
heritage institutions for
broadcasting organisations
purposes other than the
should be considered cultural
preservation of works and
heritage institutions and
other subject-matter in their
therefore beneficiaries of this
permanent collections should
exception. Member States
remain subject to the
should, for the purpose of this
authorisation of rightholders,
exception, be able to maintain
unless permitted by other
provisions to treat publicly
exceptions or limitations
accessible galleries as
provided for by Union law.
museums.
41.
(20a) Cultural heritage
institutions do not necessarily
have the technical means or
expertise to undertake the
acts required to preserve

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their collections themselves,
particularly in the digital
environment, and may
therefore have recourse to the
assistance of other cultural
institutions and other third
parties for that purpose.
Under this exception, cultural
heritage institutions should
therefore be allowed to rely
on third parties acting on
their behalf and under their
responsibility, including those
that are based in other
Member States, for the
making of copies.

(21)
For the purposes of this
42.
(21)
For the purposes of this
(21) For the purposes of this
(21)
For the purposes of this
Directive, works and other
Directive, works and other
Directive, works and other
Directive, works and other
subject-matter should be
subject-matter should be
subject-matter should be
subject-matter should be
considered to be permanently in
considered to be permanently in
considered to be permanently in
considered to be permanently in
the collection of a cultural
the collection of a cultural
the collection of a cultural
the collection of a cultural
heritage institution when copies
heritage institution when copies
heritage institution when copies
heritage institution when copies
of such works or other
are owned or permanently held
of such works or other subject
are owned or permanently held
subject-matter are owned or
by the cultural heritage
matter are owned or
by the cultural heritage
permanently held by such
institution, for example as a
permanently held by the
institutionsuch institutions, for
institutions, for example as a
cultural heritage institution,
example as a result of a transfer
result of a transfer of ownership
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result of a transfer of ownership
those organisations, for
of ownership or licence
or licence agreements, legal
or licence agreements.
example as a result of a transfer
agreements or permanent
deposit obligations or
of ownership orlicence
custody arrangements.
permanent custody
agreements, a legal deposit or a
arrangements.
long-term loan . Works or
other subject matter that

[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
cultural heritage institutions
confirmed]
access temporarily via a third-
party server are not considered
as being permanently in their
collections.

43.
(21a) Technological
developments have given rise
to information society services
enabling their users to upload
content and make it available
in diverse forms and for
various purposes, including to
illustrate an idea, criticism,
parody or pastiche. Such
content may include short
extracts of pre-existing
protected works or other
subject-matter that such users
might have altered, combined
or otherwise transformed.

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44.
(21b) Despite some overlap
with existing exceptions or
limitations, such as the ones
for quotation and parody, not
all content that is uploaded or
made available by a user that
reasonably includes extracts of
protected works or other
subject-matter is covered by
Article 5 of Directive
2001/29/EC. A situation of this
type creates legal uncertainty
for both users and
rightholders. It is therefore
necessary to provide a new
specific exception to permit the
legitimate uses of extracts of
pre-existing protected works or
other subject-matter in content
that is uploaded or made
available by users. Where
content generated or made
available by a user involves the
short and proportionate use of
a quotation or of an extract of
a protected work or other
subject-matter for a legitimate

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purpose, such use should be
protected by the exception
provided for in this Directive.
This exception should only be
applied in certain special cases
which do not conflict with
normal exploitation of the
work or other subject-matter
concerned and do not
unreasonably prejudice the
legitimate interests of the
rightholder. For the purpose of
assessing such prejudice, it is
essential that the degree of
originality of the content
concerned, the length/extent of
the quotation or extract used,
the professional nature of the
content concerned or the
degree of economic harm be
examined, where relevant,
while not precluding the
legitimate enjoyment of the
exception. This exception
should be without prejudice to
the moral rights of the authors

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of the work or other subject-
matter.

45.
(21c) Information society
service providers that fall
within the scope of Article 13
of this Directive should not be
able to invoke for their benefit
the exception for the use of
extracts from pre-existing
works provided for in this
Directive, for the use of
quotations or extracts from
protected works or other
subject-matter in content that
is uploaded or made available
by users on those information
society services, to reduce the
scope of their obligations
under Article 13 of this
Directive.

46.
(22)
Cultural heritage
(22) Cultural heritage
(22)
Cultural heritage
(22)
Cultural heritage
institutions should benefit from
institutions should benefit from
institutions should benefit from
institutions should benefit from
a clear framework for the
a clear framework for the
a clear framework for the
a clear framework for the
digitisation and dissemination,
digitisation and dissemination,
digitisation and dissemination,
digitisation and dissemination,
including across borders, of
including across borders, of
including across borders, of
including across borders, of
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out-of-commerce works or
out-of-commerce works or
out-of-commerce works or
works or other subject-matter
other subject-matter. However,
other subject-matter. However,
other subject- matter. that are
that are considered out of
the particular characteristics of
the particular characteristics of
considered out of commerce
commerce for the purposes of
the collections of out-of-
the collections of out-of-
for the purposes of this
this Directive. However, the
commerce works mean that
commerce works mean that
Directive. However, the
particular characteristics of the
obtaining the prior consent of
obtaining the prior consent of
particular characteristics of the
collections of out-of-commerce
the individual rightholders may
the individual rightholders may
collections of out-of-commerce
works, together with the
be very difficult. This can be
be very difficult. This can be
works, together with the
amount of works and other
due, for example, to the age of
due, for example, to the age of
amount of works involved in
subject-matter involved in
the works or other subject-
the works or other subject-
mass digitisation projects,
mass digitisation projects, mean
matter, their limited
matter, their limited
mean that obtaining the prior
that obtaining the prior consent
commercial value or the fact
commercial value or the fact
consent of the individual
of the individual rightholders
that they were never intended
that they were never intended
rightholders may be very
may be very difficult. This can
for commercial use. It is
for commercial use or have
difficult. This can be due, for
be due, for example, to the age
therefore necessary to provide
never been in commerce. It is
example, to the age of the
of the works or other subject-
for measures to facilitate the
therefore necessary to provide
works or other subject-matter,
matter, their limited
licensing of rights in out-of-
for measures to facilitate the
their limited commercial value
commercial value or the fact
commerce works that are in the
licensing of rights in use of out-
or the fact that they were never
that they were never intended
collections of cultural heritage
of-commerce works that are in
intended for commercial use. It
for commercial use or that
institutions and thereby to allow
the collections of cultural
is therefore necessary to
they have never been
the conclusion of agreements
heritage institutions and thereby
provide for measures to
exploited commercially. It is
with cross-border effect in the
to allow the conclusion of
facilitate the collective
therefore necessary to provide
internal market.
agreements with cross-border
licensing of rights in out-of-
for measures to facilitate
effect in the internal market.
commerce works that are
certain uses of the collective
permanently in the collections
licensing of rights in out-of-
of cultural heritage institutions
commerce works and other
and thereby to allow the
subject-matter that are
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conclusion of agreements with
permanently in the collections
cross-border effect in the
of cultural heritage institutions.
internal market.
, and thereby to allow the
conclusion of agreements with
cross-border effect in the
internal market.
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

47.
(22a) Several Member States
(22a) Legal mechanisms
have already adopted extended
should therefore exist in all
collective licencing regimes,
Member States allowing for
legal mandates or legal
licences issued by relevant
presumptions facilitating the
and sufficiently
licencing of out-of-commerce
representative collective
works. However considering
management organisations to
the variety of works and other
cultural heritage institutions,
subject-matter in the
for certain uses of out-of-
collections of cultural heritage
commerce works and other
institutions and the variance
subject matter, to also apply
between collective
to the rights of rightholders
management practices across
that have not mandated a
Member States and sectors of
representative collective
cultural production, such
management organisation in
measures may not provide a
that regard. It should be
solution in all cases, for
legally possible for those
example, because there is no
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practice of collective
licences to cover all territories
management for a certain type
of the Union.
of work or other subject
(22b) An adapted legal
matter. In such particular
framework applicable to
instances, it is therefore
collective licensing may not
necessary to allow cultural
provide a solution for all the
heritage institutions to make
cases where cultural heritage
out-of-commerce works held in
institutions encounter
their permanent collection
difficulties in obtaining all the
available online under an
necessary authorisations of
exception to copyright and
right holders for the use of
related rights. While it is
out-of-commerce works and
essential to harmonise the
other subject-matter, for
scope of the new mandatory
example, because there is no
exception in order to allow
practice of collective
cross-border uses of out-of-
management for a certain
commerce works, Member
type of works or other
States should nevertheless be
subject-matter or because the
allowed to use or continue to
relevant collective
use extended collective
management organisation is
licencing arrangements
not broadly representative for
concluded with cultural
the category of the right
heritage institutions at
holders and of the rights
national level for categories of
concerned. In such particular
works that are permanently in
instances, it should be
the collections of cultural
possible for cultural heritage
heritage institutions The lack
institutions to make out-of-
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of agreement on the conditions
commerce works and other
of the licence should not be
subject-matter that are
interpreted as a lack of
permanently in their
availability of licensing-based
collection available online in
solutions. Any uses under this
all territories of the Union
exception should be subject to
under a harmonised
the same opt-out and publicity
exception or limitation to
requirements as uses
copyright and related rights.
authorised by a licensing
It is important that uses
mechanism. In order to ensure
under that exception or
that the exception only applies
limitation only take place
when certain conditions are
when certain conditions,
fulfilled and to provide legal
notably as regards the
certainty, Member States
availability of licensing
should determine, in
solutions, are fulfilled. The
consultation with rightholders,
lack of agreement on the
collective management
conditions of the licence
organisations and cultural
should not be interpreted as a
heritage organisations, and at
lack of availability of
appropriate intervals of time,
licensing-based solutions.
for which sectors and which
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
types of works appropriate
confirmed]
licence-based solutions are not
available, in which case the
exception should apply.

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48.
(23)
Member States should,
(23) Member States should,
(23)
Member States should,
(23)
Member States should,
within the framework provided
within the framework provided
within the framework provided
within the framework provided
for in this Directive, have
for in this Directive, have
for in this Directive, have
for in this Directive, have
flexibility in choosing the
flexibility in choosing the
flexibility in choosing the
flexibility in choosing the
specific type of mechanism
specific type of mechanism
specific type of mechanism,
specific type of licensing
allowing for licences for out-of-
allowing for licences for out-of-
such as extended collective
mechanism, such as extended
commerce works to extend to
commerce works to extend to
licensing or presumption of
collective licensing or
the rights of rightholders that
the rights of rightholders that
representation, allowing for
presumptionof representation,
are not represented by the
are not represented by the
licences for out-of-commerce
that they put in place for the
collective management
relevant collective management
works to extend to the rights of
use of out-of-commerce works
organisation, in accordance to
organisation, in accordance to
rightholders that arehave not
and other subject matter by
their legal traditions, practices
with their legal traditions,
represented by themandated a
cultural heritage institutions,
or circumstances. Such
practices or circumstances.
representative collective
in accordance with their legal
mechanisms can include
Such mechanisms can include
management organisation, in
traditions, practices or
extended collective licensing
extended collective licensing
accordance towith their legal
circumstances. Member States
and presumptions of
and presumptions of
traditions, practices or
should also have flexibility in
representation.
representation.
circumstances. Such
determining the requirements
mechanisms can include
for collective management
extended collective licensing
organisations to be sufficiently
and presumptions of
representative, as long as this is
representationMember States
based on a significant number
should also have flexibility in
of rightholders in the relevant
determining the requirements
type of works or other subject-
for collective management
matter who have given a
organisations to be
mandate allowing the licensing
sufficiently representative, as
of the relevant type of use.
long as this is based on a
Member States should be free
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significant number of
to establish specific rules
rightholders in the relevant
applicable to cases where more
type of works or other
than one collective
subject-matter who have
management organisation is
given a mandate allowing the
representative for the relevant
licensing of the relevant type
works or other subject matter,
of use. Member States should
requiring for example joint
be free to establish specific
licences or an agreement
rules applicable to cases
between the relevant
where more than one
organisations.
collective management
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
organisation is representative
confirmed]
for the relevant works or
other subject matter,
requiring for example joint
licences or an agreement
between the relevant
organisations
.
49.
(24)
For the purpose of those
(24) For the purpose of those
(24)
For the purpose of those
(24)
For the purpose of those
licensing mechanisms, a
licensing mechanisms, a
licensing mechanisms, a
licensing mechanisms, a
rigorous and well-functioning
rigorous and well-functioning
rigorous and well-functioning
rigorous and well-functioning
collective management system
collective management system
collective management system
collective management system
is important. That system
is important and should be
is important. That system
is important. That system
includes in particular rules of
encouraged by the Member
includes in particular rules of
includes in particular rules of
good governance, transparency
States. That system includes in
good governance, transparency
good governance, transparency
and reporting, as well as the
particular rules of good
and reporting, as well as the
and reporting, as well as the
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regular, diligent and accurate
governance, transparency and
regular, diligent and accurate
regular, diligent and accurate
distribution and payment of
reporting, as well as the regular,
distribution and payment of
distribution and payment of
amounts due to individual
diligent and accurate
amounts due to individual
amounts due to individual
rightholders, as provided for by
distribution and payment of
rightholders, as provided for by
rightholders, as provided for by
Directive 2014/26/EU.
amounts due to individual
Directive 2014/26/EU.
Directive 2014/26/EU.
Additional appropriate
rightholders, as provided for by
Additional appropriate
(24a) Additional appropriate
safeguards should be available
Directive 2014/26/EU.
safeguards should be available
safeguards should be available
for all rightholders, who should
Additional appropriate
for all rightholders, who should
for all rightholders, who should
be given the opportunity to
safeguards should be available
be given the opportunity to
be given the opportunity to
exclude the application of such
for all rightholders, who should
exclude the application of such
exclude the application of
mechanisms to their works or
be given the opportunity to
mechanisms in relation to all
thesuch licensing mechanisms
other subject-matter. Conditions exclude the application of such
their works or other subject-
and the exception or
attached to those mechanisms
licensing mechanisms or of
matter or to all licences, or in
limitation introduced by this
should not affect their practical
such exceptions to their works
relation to particular works
Directive for the use of out-of-
relevance for cultural heritage
or other subject-matter.
or other subject-matter or to
commerce works in relation to
institutions.
Conditions attached to those
particular licences, at any
all their works or other subject-
mechanisms should not affect
time before or under the
matter or in relation to all
their practical relevance for
duration of the licence.
licences or all uses under the
cultural heritage institutions.
Conditions attached to those
exception or limitation, or in
mechanisms should not affect
relation to particular works or
their practical relevance for
other subject-matter or in
cultural heritage institutions. It
relation to particular licences
is important that when a
or uses under the exception or
rightholder excludes the
limitation, at any time before
application of such
or under the duration of the
mechanisms to one or more of
licence or the uses under the
their works or other subject-
exception or limitation.
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matter, the informed
Conditions attached to those
collective management
licensing mechanisms should
organisation does not
not affect their practical
continue to issue licences
relevance for cultural heritage
covering the relevant uses
institutions. It is important that
and any ongoing uses are
when a rightholder excludes the
terminated within a
application of such mechanisms
reasonable period. Such
or of such exception or
exclusion by the rightholder
limitation to one or more of
should not affect their claim
their works or other subject-
to remuneration for the
matter, the informed collective
actual use of the work or
management organisation does
other subject-matter.
not continue to issue licences
covering the relevant uses and
any ongoing uses are
terminated within a reasonable
period, and, in the case they
take place under a collective
licence,  that the informed
collective management
organisation does not
continue to issue licences
covering the relevant uses.
Such exclusion by the
rightholdershould not affect
their claimto remuneration for
the actual use of the work or
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other subject-matter under the
licence.

[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

50.
(24a) This Directive does not
(24a) This Directive does not
affect the possibility for
affect the possibility for
Member States to determine
Member States to determine the
the allocation of legal
allocation of legal
responsibility for the
responsibility for the
compliance of the licensing
compliance of the licensing and
and the use of out-of-
the use of out-of-commerce
commerce works with the
works with the conditions set
conditions set out in this
out in this Directive and for the
Directive and for the
compliance of the parties with
compliance of the parties with
the terms of those licenses.
the terms of those licenses.
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

51.
(25)
Considering the variety
(25) Considering the variety of
(25)
Considering the variety
(25)
Considering the variety
of works and other subject-
works and other subject-matter
of works and other subject-
of works and other subject-
matter in the collections of
in the collections of cultural
matter in the collections of
matter in the collections of
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cultural heritage institutions, it
heritage institutions, it is
cultural heritage institutions, it
cultural heritage institutions, it
is important that the licensing
important that the licensing
is important that the licensing
is important that the licensing
mechanisms introduced by this
mechanisms introduced by this
mechanisms introduced by this
mechanisms and the exception
Directive are available and can
Directive are available and can
Directive are available and can
or limitation introduced by this
be used in practice for different
be used in practice for different
be used in practice for different
Directive are available and can
types of works and other
types of works and other
types of works and other
be used in practice for different
subject-matter, including
subject-matter, including
subject-matter, including
types of works and other
photographs, sound recordings
photographs, sound recordings
photographs, software,
subject-matter, including
and audiovisual works. In order
and audiovisual works. In order
phonograms, sound recordings
photographs, software,
to reflect the specificities of
to reflect the specificities of
and audiovisual works. and
phonograms, audiovisual works
different categories of works
different categories of works
unique works of art,
and unique works of art,
and other subject-matter as
and other subject-matter as
irrespective of whether they
irrespective of whether they
regards modes of publication
regards modes of publication
have ever been commercially
have ever been commercially
and distribution and to facilitate
and distribution and to facilitate
available. Never-in-commerce
available. Never-in-commerce
the usability of those
the usability of those
works may include posters,
works may include posters,
mechanisms, specific
mechanisms, the solutions on
leaflets, trench journals or
leaflets, trench journals or
requirements and procedures
the use of out-of-commerce
amateur audiovisual works,
amateur audiovisual works, but
may have to be established by
works introduced by this
but also unpublished works
also unpublished works or other
Member States for the practical
Directive, specific requirements
or other subject-matter,
subject-matter, without
application of those licensing
and procedures may have to be
without prejudice to other
prejudice to other applicable
mechanisms. It is appropriate
established by Member States
applicable legal constraints,
legal constraints, such as
that Member States consult
for the practical application of
such as national rules on
national rules on moral rights.
rightholders, users and
those licensing mechanisms. It
moral rights. When a work is
When a work is available in any
collective management
is appropriate that Member
available in any of its
of its different versions, such as
organisations when doing so.
States consult rightholders,
different versions, such as
subsequent editions of literary
users cultural heritage
subsequent editions of literary works and alternate cuts of
institutions and collective
works and alternate cuts of
cinematographic works, or in
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management organisations
cinematographic works, or in
any of its different
when doing so.
any of its different
manifestations, such as digital
manifestations, such as digital
and printed formats of the same
and printed formats of the
work, this work or other
same work, this work or other
subject-matter should not be
subject-matter should not be
considered out of commerce.
considered out of commerce.
Conversely, the commercial
Conversely, the commercial
availability of adaptations,
availability of adaptations,
including other language
including other language
versions or audiovisual
versions or audiovisual
adaptations of a literary work,
adaptations of a literary
should not preclude the
work, should not preclude the
determination of the out-of-
determination of the out-of-
commerce status of a work in a
commerce status of a work in
given language. In order to
a given language. In order to
reflect the specificities of
reflect the specificities of
different types of works and
different categories types of
other subject-matter as regards
works and other subject-matter
modes of publication and
as regards modes of publication
distribution and to facilitate the
and distribution and to facilitate
usability of those mechanisms,
the usability of those
specific requirements and
mechanisms, specific
procedures may have to be
requirements and procedures
established for the practical
may have to be established by
application of those licensing
Member States for the practical
mechanisms, such as a time
application of those licensing
period which needs to have
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mechanisms, such as a time
been elapsed since the first
period which needs to have
commercial availability of the
been elapsed since the first
work. It is appropriate that
commercial availability of the
Member States consult
work. It is appropriate that
rightholders, cultural heritage
Member States consult
institutionsusers and collective
rightholders, users and
management organisations
collective management
when doing so.
organisations when doing so.
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

52.
(25a) When determining
(25a) When determining
whether works and other
whether works and other
subject-matter are out of
subject-matter are out of
commerce, a reasonable
commerce, a reasonable effort
effort should be required to
should be required to assess
assess their availability to the
their availability to the public in
public in the customary
the customary channels of
channels of commerce, taking
commerce, taking into account
into account the
the characteristics of the
characteristics of the
particular work or set of works.
particular work or set of
Member States should be free
works. Member States should
to determine the allocation of
be free to determine the
responsibilities for making the
allocation of responsibilities
reasonable effort. The
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for making the reasonable
reasonable effort should not
effort. The reasonable effort
have to be repeated over time
should not have to be
but it should also take account
repeated over time but it
of any easily accessible
should also take account of
evidence of upcoming
any easily accessible evidence
availability of works in the
of upcoming availability of
customary channels of
works in the customary
commerce. A work-by-work
channels of commerce. A
assessment should only be
work-by-work assessment
required when this is
should only be required when
considered reasonable in view
this is considered reasonable
of the availability of relevant
in view of the availability of
information, the likelihood of
relevant information, the
commercial availability and the
likelihood of commercial
expected transaction cost. The
availability and the expected
verification of availability
transaction cost. The
should normally take place in
verification of availability
the Member State where the
should normally take place in
cultural heritage institution is
the Member State where the
established, unless verification
cultural heritage institution is
across borders is considered
established, unless
reasonable, for example when
verification across borders is
there is easily available
considered reasonable, for
information that a literary work
example when there is easily
was first published in a given
available information that a
language version in another
literary work was first
Member State. In many cases
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published in a given language
the out-of-commerce status of a
version in another Member
set of works could be
State. In many cases the out-
determined through a
of-commerce status of a set of
proportionate mechanism, such
works could be determined
as sampling. The limited
through a proportionate
availability of a work, such as
mechanism, such as sampling.
its availability in second-hand
The limited availability of a
shops, or the theoretical
work, such as its availability
possibility to obtain a licence to
in second-hand shops, or the
a work should not be
theoretical possibility to
considered as availability to the
obtain a licence to a work
public in the customary
should not be considered as
channels of commerce.
availability to the public in
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
the customary channels of
confirmed]
commerce.
53.
(26)
For reasons of
(26) For reasons of
(26)
For reasons of
(26)
For reasons of
international comity, the
international comity, the
international comity, the
international comity, the
licensing mechanisms for the
licensing mechanisms and the
licensing mechanisms for the
licensing mechanism and the
digitisation and dissemination
exception for the digitisation
digitisation and dissemination
exception or limitation
of out-of-commerce works
and dissemination of out-of-
of out-of-commerce works
provided for in this Directive
provided for in this Directive
commerce works provided for
provided for in this Directive
for the digitisation and
should not apply to works or
in this Directive should not
should not apply to works or
dissemination of out-of-
other subject-matter that are
apply to works or other subject-
other subject-matter that are
commerce works provided for
first published or, in the
matter that are first published
first published or, in the
in this Directive should not
absence of publication, first
or, in the absence of
absence of publication, first
apply to sets of out-of-
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broadcast in a third country or,
publication, first broadcast in a
broadcast in a third country or,
commerce works or other
in the case of cinematographic
third country or, in the case of
in the case of cinematographic
subject-matter when there is
or audiovisual works, to works
cinematographic or audiovisual
or audiovisual works, to works
available evidence to presume
the producer of which has his
works, to works the producer of
the producer of which has his
that they predominantly consist
headquarters or habitual
which has his headquarters or
headquarters or habitual
of works or other subject-matter
residence in a third country.
habitual residence in a third
residence in a third country.
of third countries, unless the
Those mechanisms should also
country. Those mechanisms
Those mechanisms should also
concerned collective
not apply to works or other
should also not apply to works
not apply to works or other
management organisation is
subject-matter of third country
or other subject-matter of third
subject-matter of third country
sufficiently representative for
nationals except when they are
country nationals except when
nationals except when they are
that third country, for example
first published or, in the
they are first published or, in
first published or, in the
via a representation agreement.
absence of publication, first
the absence of publication, first
absence of publication, first
This assessment can be based
broadcast in the territory of a
broadcast in the territory of a
broadcast in the territory of a
on the evidence available
Member State or, in the case of
Member State or, in the case of
Member State or, in the case of
following the reasonable effort
cinematographic or audiovisual
cinematographic or audiovisual
cinematographic or audiovisual
to determine the out-of-
works, to works of which the
works, to works of which the
works, to works of which the
commerce status of the works,
producer's headquarters or
producer's headquarters or
producer's headquarters or
without the need to search for
habitual residence is in a
habitual residence is in a
habitual residence is in a
further evidence. A work-by-
Member State.
Member State.
Member Statesets of out-of-
work assessment of the origin
commerce works or other
of the out-of-commerce works
subject-matter when there is
should only be required insofar
available evidence to presume
as it is also required for the
that they predominantly
reasonable effort to determine
consist of works or other
their commercial availability.
subject-matter of third
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
countries, unless the
confirmed]
concerned collective
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management organisation is
sufficiently representative for
that third country, for
example via a representation
agreement. This assessment
can be based on the evidence
available following the
reasonable effort to
determine the out-of-
commerce status of the
works, without the need to
search for further evidence. A
work-by-work assessment of
the origin of the out-of-
commerce works should only
be required insofar as it is
also required for the
reasonable effort to
determine their commercial
availability
.
54.
(27)
As mass digitisation
(27) As mass digitisation
(27)
As mass The
(27)
The contracting cultural
projects can entail significant
projects can entail significant
contracting cultural heritage
heritage institutions and
investments by cultural heritage
investments by cultural heritage
institutions and collective
collective management
institutions, any licences
institutions, any licences
management organisations
organisations should remain
granted under the mechanisms
granted under the mechanisms
should remain free to agree
free to agree on the territorial
provided for in this Directive
provided for in this Directive
on the territorial scope of the
scope of the licence, including
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should not prevent them from
should not prevent them from
licence, the licence fee and the
the possibility to cover all
generating reasonable revenues
generating reasonable revenues
allowed uses. Uses covered by
Member States, the licence fee
in order to cover the costs of the
in order to cover covering the
such licence should not be for
and the allowed uses. Uses
licence and the costs of
costs of the licence and the
profit making purpose,
covered by such licence should
digitising and disseminating the
costs of digitising and
including when copies are
not be for profit making
works and other subject-matter
disseminating the works and
distributed by the cultural
purpose, including when copies
covered by the licence.
other subject-matter covered by
heritage institution, such as in
are distributed by the cultural
the licence.
the case of promotional
heritage institution, such as in
material about an exhibition.
the case of promotional
At the same time, as the
material about an exhibition. At
digitisation projectsof the
the same time, as the
collections of cultural heritage
digitisation of the collections of
institutions can entail
cultural heritage institutions can
significant investments by
entail significant investments,
cultural heritage institutions,
any licences granted under the
any licences granted under the
mechanisms provided for in this
mechanisms provided for in this
Directive should not prevent
Directive should not prevent
cultural heritage institutions
themcultural heritage
from generating reasonable
institutions from generating
revenues for the exclusive
reasonable revenues in order to
purposes of covering the costs
coverfor the purposes of
of the licence and the costs of
covering the costs of the
digitising and disseminating the
licence and the costs of
works and other subject-matter
digitising and disseminating the
covered by the licence.
works and other subject-matter
covered by the licence.
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[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

55.
(28)
Information regarding
(28) Information regarding the
(28)
Information regarding
(28)
Information regarding
the future and ongoing use of
future and ongoing use of out-
the future and ongoing use of
the future and ongoing use of
out-of-commerce works and
of-commerce works and other
out-of-commerce works and
out-of-commerce works and
other subject-matter by cultural
subject-matter by cultural
other subject-matter by cultural
other subject-matter by cultural
heritage institutions on the basis
heritage institutions on the basis
heritage institutions on the
heritage institutions on the basis
of the licensing mechanisms
of the licensing mechanisms or
basis of the licensing
of the licensing mechanisms
provided for in this Directive
of the exception provided for in
mechanisms provided for in
provided for in this Directive
and the arrangements in place
this Directive and the
this Directive and the
and the arrangements in place
for all rightholders to exclude
arrangements in place for all
arrangements in place for all
for all rightholders to exclude
the application of licences to
rightholders to exclude the
rightholders to exclude the
the application of licences or of
their works or other subject-
application of licences or of the
application of licences to their
the exception or limitation to
matter should be adequately
exception to their works or
works or other subject-matter
their works or other subject-
publicised. This is particularly
other subject-matter should be
should be adequately
matter should be adequately
important when uses take place
adequately publicised. This is
publicised. both before a
publicised both before a licence
across borders in the internal
particularly important when
licence is granted and during
is granted and during the
market. It is therefore
uses take place across borders
the operation of the licence as
operation of the licencethe use
appropriate to make provision
in the internal market. It is
appropriate. This is
under a licence or the
for the creation of a single
therefore appropriate to make
particularly important when
exception or limitation, as
publicly accessible online portal
provision for the creation of a
uses take place across borders
appropriate. This is particularly
for the Union to make such
single publicly accessible
in the internal market. It is
important when uses take place
information available to the
online portal for the Union to
therefore appropriate to make
across borders in the internal
public for a reasonable period
make such information
provision for the creation of a
market. It is therefore
of time before the cross-border
available to the public for a
single publicly accessible
appropriate to make provision
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use takes place. Under
reasonable period of time
online portal for the Union to
for the creation of a single
Regulation (EU) No 386/2012
before the cross-border use
make such information
publicly accessible online
of the European Parliament and
takes place. Under Regulation
available to the public for a
portal for the Union to make
of the Council11, the European
(EU) No 386/2012 of the
reasonable period of time
such information available to
Union Intellectual Property
European Parliament and of the
before the cross-border use
the public for a reasonable
Office is entrusted with certain
Council11, the European Union
takes place. This portal should
period of time before the use
tasks and activities, financed by
Intellectual Property Office is
facilitate the possibility for
takes place. This portal should
making use of its own
entrusted with certain tasks and
rightholders to exclude the
facilitate the possibility for
budgetary measures, aiming at
activities, financed by making
application of licences to their
rightholders to exclude the
facilitating and supporting the
use of its own budgetary
works or other subject-
application of licences to their
activities of national authorities,
measures, aiming at facilitating
matter. Under Regulation (EU)
works or other subject-matter.
the private sector and Union
and supporting the activities of
No 386/2012 of the European
Under Regulation (EU) No
institutions in the fight against,
national authorities, the private
Parliament and of the
386/2012 of the European
including the prevention of,
sector and Union institutions in
Council11, the European Union
Parliament and of the
infringement of intellectual
the fight against, including the
Intellectual Property Office is
Council11, the European Union
property rights. It is therefore
prevention of, infringement of
entrusted with certain tasks and
Intellectual Property Office is
appropriate to rely on that
intellectual property rights. It is
activities, financed by making
entrusted with certain tasks and
Office to establish and manage
therefore appropriate to rely on
use of its own budgetary
activities, financed by making
the European portal making
that Office to establish and
measuresmeans, aiming at
use of its own budgetary means,
such information available.
manage the European portal
facilitating and supporting the
aiming at facilitating and
making such information
activities of national
supporting the activities of
available.
authorities, the private sector
national authorities, the private
and Union institutions in the
sector and Union institutions in
11
Regulation (EU) No 386/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 April 2012 on entrusting the Office for Harmonization in the
Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs) with tasks related to the enforcement of intellectual property rights, including the assembling of public and
private-sector representatives as a European Observatory on Infringements of Intellectual Property Rights (OJ L 129, 16.5.2012, p. 1–6).
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fight against, including the
the fight against, including the
prevention of, infringement of
prevention of, infringement of
intellectual property rights. It is
intellectual property rights. It is
therefore appropriate to rely on
therefore appropriate to rely on
that Office to establish and
that Office to establish and
manage the European portal
manage the European portal
making such information
making such information
available. In addition to
available. In addition to making
making the information
the information available
available through the portal,
through the portal, further
further appropriate publicity
appropriate publicity measures
measures may need to be
may need to be taken on a case-
taken on a case-by-case basis
by-case basis in order to
in order to increase the
increase the awareness of
awareness of affected
affected rightholders, for
rightholders, for example
example through the use of
through the use of additional
additional channels of
channels of communication to
communication to reach a wider
reach a wider public. The
public. The necessity, the
necessity, the nature and the
nature and the geographic scope
geographic scope of the
of the additional publicity
additional publicity measures
measures should depend on the
should depend on the
characteristics of the relevant
characteristics of the relevant
out-of-commerce works or
out-of-commerce works or
other subject-matter, the terms
other subject-matter, the
of the licences or the type of
terms of the licences and the
use under the exception or
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existing practices in Member
limitation, and the existing
States. Publicity measures
practices in Member States.
should be effective without
Publicity measures should be
the need to inform each
effective without the need to
rightholder individually.
inform each rightholder
individually.
(-28a) In order to ensure that
the licensing mechanisms
established by this Directive
for out-of-commerce works
are relevant and function
properly, that rightholders
are adequately protected, that
licences are properly
publicised and that legal
clarity is ensured with regard
to the representativeness of
collective management
organisations and the
categorisation of works,
Member States should foster
sector-specific stakeholder
dialogue.

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[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

56.
(28a) The measures
(28a) The measures provided
provided for in this Directive
for in this Directive to facilitate
to facilitate the collective
the collective licensing of rights
licensing of rights in out-of-
in out-of-commerce works or
commerce works or other
other subject-matter that are
subject-matter that are
permanently in the collections
permanently in the collections
of cultural heritage institutions
of cultural heritage
should be without prejudice to
institutions should be without
the use of such works or other
prejudice to the use of such
subject-matter under exceptions
works or other subject-matter
or limitations provided for in
under exceptions or
Union law or under other
limitations provided for in
licences with an extended
Union law or under other
effect, where such licensing is
licences with an extended
not based on the out-of-
effect, where such licensing is
commerce status of the covered
not based on the out-of-
works or other subject matter.
commerce status of the
These measures should also be
covered works or other
without prejudice to national
subject matter. These
mechanisms for the use of out
measures should also be
of commerce works based on
without prejudice to national
licences between collective
mechanisms for the use of out
management organisation and
of commerce works based on
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licences between collective
users other than cultural
management organisation
heritage institutions.
and users other than cultural
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
heritage institutions.
confirmed]
57.
(28b) Mechanisms of
(28b) Mechanisms of
collective licensing with an
collective licensing with an
extended effect allow a
extended effect allow a
collective management
collective management
organisation to offer licences
organisation to offer licences as
as a collective licensing body
a collective licensing body on
on behalf of rightholders
behalf of rightholders
irrespective of whether they
irrespective of whether they
have authorised the
have authorised the
organisation to do so. Systems
organisation to do so. Systems
built on such mechanisms,
built on such mechanisms, such
such as extended collective
as extended collective
licensing, legal mandates or
licensing, legal mandates or
presumptions of
presumptions of representation,
representation, are a well-
are a well-established practice
established practice in several
in several Member States and
Member States and may be
may be used in different areas.
used in different areas. A
A functioning copyright
functioning copyright
framework that works for all
framework that works for all
parties requires the availability
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parties requires the
of these proportionate, legal
availability of these
mechanisms for the licensing of
proportionate, legal
works. Member States should
mechanisms for the licensing
therefore be able to rely on
of works. Member States
solutions, allowing relevant
should therefore be able to
licensing organisations, which
rely on solutions, allowing
are owned or controlled by their
relevant licensing
rightholder members (or
organisations, which are
entities representing
owned or controlled by their
rightholders) or organised on a
rightholder members (or
not for profit basis, to offer
entities representing
licences covering potentially
rightholders) or organised on
large volumes of works or other
a not for profit basis, to offer
subject-matter for certain types
licences covering potentially
of use, and distribute the
large volumes of works or
revenue received to
other subject-matter for
rightholders.
certain types of use, and
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
distribute the revenue
confirmed]
received to rightholders.
58.
(28c) In the case of some
(28c) In the case of some
uses, together with the usually
uses, together with the usually
large amount of works
large amount of works
involved, the transaction cost
involved, the transaction cost of
of individual rights clearance
individual rights clearance with
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with every concerned
every concerned rightholder is
rightholder is prohibitively
prohibitively high and without
high and without effective
effective collective licensing
collective licensing
mechanisms all the required
mechanisms all the required
transactions in these areas to
transactions in these areas to
enable the use of these works or
enable the use of these works
other subject matter are
or other subject matter are
unlikely to take place. Extended
unlikely to take place.
collective licensing and similar
Extended collective licensing
mechanisms have made it
and similar mechanisms have
possible to conclude
made it possible to conclude
agreements in areas affected by
agreements in areas affected
this market failure where
by this market failure where
traditional collective licensing
traditional collective licensing
does not provide an exhaustive
does not provide an
solution for covering all works
exhaustive solution for
and other subject-matter to be
covering all works and other
used. These mechanisms serve
subject-matter to be used.
as a complement to collective
These mechanisms serve as a
management based on
complement to collective
individual mandates, by
management based on
providing full legal certainty to
individual mandates, by
users. At the same time, they
providing full legal certainty
provide a further opportunity to
to users. At the same time,
right holders to benefit from the
they provide a further
legitimate use of their works.
opportunity to right holders
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to benefit from the legitimate
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
use of their works.
confirmed]
59.
(28d) Given the increasing
(28d) Given the increasing
importance of the ability to
importance of the ability to
offer flexible licensing
offer flexible licensing
solutions in the digital age,
solutions in the digital age, and
and the increasing use of such
the increasing use of such
schemes in Member States, it
schemes in Member States, it is
is beneficial to further clarify
beneficial to further clarify in
in Union law the status of
Union law the status of
licensing mechanisms
licensing mechanisms allowing
allowing collective
collective management
management organisations to
organisations to conclude
conclude licences, on a
licences, on a voluntary basis,
voluntary basis, irrespective
irrespective of whether all
of whether all rightholders
rightholders have authorised the
have authorised the
organisation to do so. Member
organisation to do so.
States should have the ability to
Member States should have
maintain and introduce such
the ability to maintain and
schemes in accordance with
introduce such schemes in
their legal traditions, practices
accordance with their legal
or circumstances, subject to the
traditions, practices or
safeguards provided for in this
circumstances, subject to the
Directive and in full respect of
safeguards provided for in
Union law and their
this Directive and in full
international obligations related
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respect of Union law and
to copyright. These schemes
their international obligations
would only have effect in the
related to copyright. These
territory of the Member State
schemes would only have
concerned, unless otherwise
effect in the territory of the
provided for in Union law.
Member State concerned,
Member States should have
unless otherwise provided for
flexibility in choosing the
in Union law. Member States
specific type of mechanism
should have flexibility in
allowing licences for works or
choosing the specific type of
other subject-matter to extend
mechanism allowing licences
to the rights of rightholders that
for works or other subject-
have not authorised the
matter to extend to the rights
organisation that concludes the
of rightholders that have not
agreement, as long as it
authorised the organisation
guarantees sufficient protection
that concludes the agreement,
of the non-member
as long as it guarantees
rightholders. Such mechanisms
sufficient protection of the
may include extended
non-member rightholders.
collective licensing, legal
Such mechanisms may
mandate and presumptions of
include extended collective
representation. The provisions
licensing, legal mandate and
of this Directive concerning
presumptions of
collective licensing should not
representation. The
affect existing possibilities of
provisions of this Directive
Member States to apply
concerning collective
mandatory collective
licensing should not affect
management or other collective
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existing possibilities of
licensing mechanisms with an
Member States to apply
extended effect, such as the one
mandatory collective
included in Article 3 of
management or other
Directive 93/83/EEC.
collective licensing
mechanisms with an extended
effect, such as the one

[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
included in Article 3 of
confirmed]
Directive 93/83/EEC.
60.
(28e) It is important that
(28e) It is important that such
such mechanisms are only
mechanisms are only applied in
applied in well-defined areas
well-defined areas of uses,
of uses, where obtaining
where obtaining authorisations
authorisations from
from rightholders on an
rightholders on an individual
individual basis is typically
basis is typically onerous and
onerous and impractical to a
impractical to a degree that
degree that makes the required
makes the required licensing
licensing transaction, i.e. a
transaction, i.e. a licence that
licence that covers all the
covers all the involved
involved rightholders unlikely
rightholders unlikely to occur
to occur due to the nature of the
due to the nature of the use or
use or of the types of works
of the types of works
concerned. It is equally
concerned. It is equally
important that the licensed use
important that the licensed
neither affects adversely the
use neither affects adversely
economic value of the relevant
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the economic value of the
rights nor deprives rightholders
relevant rights nor deprives
of significant commercial
rightholders of significant
benefits. Moreover, Member
commercial benefits.
States should ensure that
Moreover, Member States
appropriate safeguards are in
should ensure that
place to protect the legitimate
appropriate safeguards are in
interests of rightholders that are
place to protect the legitimate
not represented by the
interests of rightholders that
organisation offering the
are not represented by the
licence.
organisation offering the
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
licence.
confirmed]
61.
(28f)
Specifically, to justify
(28f)
Specifically, to justify
the extended effect of the
the extended effect of the
mechanisms, the organisation
mechanisms, the organisation
should be, on the basis of
should be, on the basis of
authorisations from
authorisations from
rightholders, sufficiently
rightholders, sufficiently
representative of the types of
representative of the types of
works or other subject-matter
works or other subject-matter
and of the rights which are
and of the rights which are the
the subject of the licence. To
subject of the licence. To
ensure legal certainty and
ensure legal certainty and
confidence in the mechanisms
confidence in the mechanisms
Member States may
Member States may determine
determine the allocation of
the allocation of legal
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legal responsibility for uses
responsibility for uses
authorised by the licence
authorised by the licence
agreement. Equal treatment
agreement. Equal treatment
should be guaranteed to all
should be guaranteed to all
rightholders whose works are
rightholders whose works are
exploited under the licence as
exploited under the licence as
regards, notably, access to
regards, notably, access to
information on the licensing
information on the licensing
and the distribution of
and the distribution of
remuneration. Publicity
remuneration. Publicity
measures should be effective
measures should be effective
throughout the duration of
throughout the duration of the
the licence without the need
licence without the need to
to inform each rightholder
inform each rightholder
individually. In order to
individually. In order to ensure
ensure that rightholders can
that rightholders can easily
easily retain control of their
retain control of their works,
works, and prevent any uses
and prevent any uses of their
of their works that would be
works that would be prejudicial
prejudicial to their interests,
to their interests, rightholders
rightholders must be given an
must be given an effective
effective opportunity to
opportunity to exclude the
exclude the application of
application of such mechanisms
such mechanisms to their
to their works or other subject-
works or other subject-matter
matter for all uses and works or
for all uses and works or
other subject-matter, or for
other subject-matter, or for
specific uses and works or other
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specific uses and works or
subject-matter. In such cases,
other subject-matter. In such
any ongoing uses should be
cases, any ongoing uses
terminated within a reasonable
should be terminated within a
period. Member States may
reasonable period. Member
also decide that additional
States may also decide that
measures are appropriate to
additional measures are
protect rightholders.
appropriate to protect
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
rightholders.
confirmed]
62.
(28g) Member States should
(28g) Member States should
ensure that the purpose and
ensure that the purpose and
scope of any licence granted
scope of any licence granted as
as a result of these
a result of these mechanisms, as
mechanisms, as well as the
well as the possible users,
possible users, should always
should always be carefully and
be carefully and clearly
clearly defined in national
defined in national legislation
legislation or, if the underlying
or, if the underlying
legislation is a general
legislation is a general
provision, in the licensing
provision, in the licensing
practices applied as a result of
practices applied as a result
such general provisions, or in
of such general provisions, or
the licences granted. The ability
in the licences granted. The
to operate a licence under these
ability to operate a licence
mechanisms should also be
under these mechanisms
limited to organisations which
should also be limited to
are either owned or controlled
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organisations which are
by their right holder members
either owned or controlled by
or which operate on a not for
their right holder members or
profit basis, regulated by
which operate on a not for
national law implementing
profit basis, regulated by
Directive 2014/26/EU.
national law implementing
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
Directive 2014/26/EU.
confirmed]
63.
(28h) Given the different
(28h) Given the different
traditions and experiences
traditions and experiences with
with extended collective
extended collective licensing
licensing across Member
across Member States and their
States and their applicability
applicability to rightholders
to rightholders irrespective of
irrespective of their nationality
their nationality or their
or their Member State of
Member State of residence, it
residence, it is important to
is important to ensure
ensure transparency and
transparency and dialogue at
dialogue at Union level about
Union level about the
the practical functioning of
practical functioning of these
these mechanisms, including as
mechanisms, including as
regards the effectiveness of
regards the effectiveness of
safeguards for rightholders,
safeguards for rightholders,
their usability and the potential
their usability and the
need to lay down rules to give
potential need to lay down
such schemes cross-border
rules to give such schemes
effect within the internal
cross-border effect within the
market. To ensure transparency,
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internal market. To ensure
information about the use of
transparency, information
such mechanisms under this
about the use of such
Directive should be regularly
mechanisms under this
published by the Commission.
Directive should be regularly
Member States that have
published by the Commission.
introduced such mechanisms
Member States that have
should therefore inform the
introduced such mechanisms
Commission about relevant
should therefore inform the
national legislation and its
Commission about relevant
application in practice,
national legislation and its
including scopes and types of
application in practice,
licensing introduced on the
including scopes and types of
basis of general legislation, the
licensing introduced on the
scale of licensing and the
basis of general legislation,
collective management
the scale of licensing and the
organisations involved. Such
collective management
information should be
organisations involved. Such
discussed with Member States
information should be
in the contact committee
discussed with Member
referred to in Article 12(3) of
States in the contact
Directive 2001/29/EC. The
committee referred to in
Commission should publish a
Article 12(3) of Directive
report by 31 December 2020 on
2001/29)
On/EC. The
the use of such mechanisms in
Commission should publish a
the Union and their impact on
report by 31 December 2020
licensing and rightholders.
on the use of such
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mechanisms in the Union and
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
their impact on licensing and
confirmed]
rightholders.
64.
(28a) In order to ensure that
[EP proposal covered as recital
the licensing mechanisms
-28a in line 55]
established for out-of-
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
commerce works are relevant
confirmed]
and function properly, that
rightholders are adequately
protected under those
mechanisms, that licences are
properly publicised and that
legal clarity is ensured with
regard to the
representativeness of collective
management organisations
and the categorisation of
works, Member States should
foster sector-specific
stakeholder dialogue.

65.
(29)
On-demand services
(29)
On-demand services
(29)
Video-on-demand
(29)
Video-on-demand
have the potential to play a
have the potential to play a
services have the potential to
services have the potential to
decisive role in the
decisive role in the
play a decisive role in the
play a decisive role in the
dissemination of European
dissemination of European
dissemination of European
dissemination of audiovisual
works across the European
works across the European
audiovisual works across the
works across the European
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Union. However, agreements
Union. However, agreements
European Union. However,
Union. However, the
on the online exploitation of
on the online exploitation of
agreements the availability of
availability of those works, in
such works may face
such works may face
those works, in particular
particular European works, on
difficulties related to the
difficulties related to the
European works, on video-
video-on-demand services
licensing of rights. Such issues
licensing of rights. Such issues
on-demand services remains
remains limited. Agreements on
may, for instance, appear when
may, for instance, appear when
limited. Agreements on the
the online exploitation of such
the holder of the rights for a
the holder of the rights for a
online exploitation of such
works may be difficult to
given territory is not interested
given territory is not interested
works may be difficult to
conclude due to issues related
in the online exploitation of the
in the online exploitation of the
conclude due to issues face
to the licensing of rights. Such
work or where there are issues
work or where there are issues
difficulties related to the
issues may, for instance, appear
linked to the windows of
linked to the windows of
licensing of rights. Such issues
when the holder of the rights
exploitation.
exploitation.
may, for instance, appear when
for a given territory has low
the holder of the rights for a
economic incentive to exploit a
given territory is not interested
work online and does not
in the has low economic
license or holds back the online
incentive to exploit a work
rights, which can lead to the
online exploitation of the work
unavailability of audiovisual
or where there are issues and
works on video-on-demand
does not license or holds back
services. Other issues may be
the online rights, which can
linked to the windows of
lead to the unavailability of
exploitation.
audiovisual works on video-
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
on-demand services. Other
confirmed]
issues may be linked to the
windows of exploitation.
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66.
(30)
To facilitate the
(30) To facilitate the licensing
(30)
To facilitate the
(30)
To facilitate the
licensing of rights in
of rights in audiovisual works
licensing of rights in
licensing of rights in
audiovisual works to video-on-
to video-on-demand platforms,
audiovisual works to video-on-
audiovisual works to video-on-
demand platforms, this
this Directive requires Member
demand platformsservices, this
demand services, this Directive
Directive requires Member
States to should set up a
Directive requires Member
requires Member States to
States to set up a negotiation
negotiation mechanism,
States to set upprovide for a
provide for a negotiation
mechanism allowing parties
managed by an existing or
negotiation mechanism
mechanism allowing parties
willing to conclude an
newly established national
allowing parties willing to
willing to conclude an
agreement to rely on the
body, allowing parties willing
conclude an agreement to rely
agreement to rely on the
assistance of an impartial body.
to conclude an agreement to
on the assistance of an impartial
assistance of an impartial body
The body should meet with the
rely on the assistance of an
body. The body or of one or
or of one or more mediators.
parties and help with the
impartial body. The
more mediators. For that
For that purpose, Member
negotiations by providing
participation in this
purpose, Member States may
States may either create a new
professional and external
negotiation mechanism and
either create a new body or
body or rely on an existing one
advice. Against that
the subsequent conclusion of
rely on an existing one that
that fulfils the conditions
background, Member States
agreements should be
fulfils the conditions
established by this Directive.
should decide on the conditions
voluntary. Where a negotiation
established by this Directive.
Member States may designate
of the functioning of the
involves parties from different
Member States may designate
one or more competent bodies
negotiation mechanism,
Member States, those parties
one or more competent bodies
or mediators. The body or the
including the timing and
should agree beforehand on
or mediators. The body or the
mediators should meet with the
duration of the assistance to
the competent Member State,
mediators should meet with the
parties and help with the
negotiations and the bearing of
should they decide to rely on
parties and help with the
negotiations by providing
the costs. Member States should the negotiation mechanism.
negotiations by providing
professional, impartial and
ensure that administrative and
The body should meet with the
professional and external
external advice. Where a
financial burdens remain
parties and help with the
advice. The body or the
negotiation involves parties
proportionate to guarantee the
negotiations by providing
mediators could meet with the
from different Member
professional, impartial and
parties to facilitate the start of
States, those parties should
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efficiency of the negotiation
external advice. Against that
negotiations or in the course
agree beforehand on the
forum.
background, Member States
of the negotiations to facilitate
competent Member State,
should decide on the conditions
the conclusion of an
should they decide to rely on
of the functioning of the
agreement. The use of and the
the negotiation mechanism.
negotiation mechanism,
participation in the
The body or the mediators
including the timing and
negotiation mechanism
could meet with the parties to
duration of the assistance to
should remain voluntary and
facilitate the start of
negotiations and the bearing
should not affect the parties'
negotiations or in the course of
division of the any costs
contractual freedom. Against
the negotiations to facilitate the
arising, and the composition of
that background, Member
conclusion of an agreement.
such bodies. Member States
States should be free to decide
The participation in this
should ensure that
on the conditions of
negotiation mechanism and
administrative and financial
theconcrete functioning of the
the subsequent conclusion of
burdens remain proportionate to
negotiation mechanism,
agreements should be
guarantee the efficiency of the
including the timing and
voluntary and should not affect
negotiation forum.
duration of the assistance to
the parties' contractual freedom.
negotiations and the bearing of
Against that background,
the costs. Member States should Member States should be free
ensure that administrative and
to decide on the concrete
financial burdens remain
functioning of the negotiation
proportionate to guarantee the
mechanism, including the
efficiency of the negotiation
timing and duration of the
forummechanism.
assistance to negotiations and
the bearing of the costs.
Member States should ensure
that administrative and
financial burdens remain
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proportionate to guarantee the
efficiency of the negotiation
mechanism.
[tentatively agreed at TM; to be
confirmed]

67.
(30a) The preservation of the
Union’s heritage is of the
utmost importance and should
be strengthened for the benefit
of future generations. This
should be achieved notably
through the protection of
published heritage. To this
end, a Union legal deposit
should be created in order to
ensure that publications
concerning the Union, such as
Union law, Union history and
integration, Union policy and
Union democracy, institutional
and parliamentary affairs, and
politics, and, thereby, the

Union’s intellectual record and
future published heritage, are
collected systematically. Not
only should such heritage be

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preserved through the creation
of a Union archive for
publications dealing with
Union-related matters, but it
should also be made available
to Union citizens and future
generations. The European
Parliament Library, as the
Library of the only Union
institution directly
representing Union citizens,
should be designated as the
Union depository library. In
order not to create an excessive
burden on publishers, printers
and importers, only electronic
publications, such as e-books,
e-journals and e-magazines
should be deposited in the
European Parliament Library,
which should make available
for readers publications
covered by the Union legal
deposit at the European
Parliament Library for the
purpose of research or study
and under the control of the

92

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European Parliament Library.
Such publications should not
be made available online
externally.

68.
(31)
A free and pluralist
(31) A free and pluralist press
(31)
A free and pluralist
press is essential to ensure
is essential to ensure quality
press is essential to ensure
quality journalism and citizens'
journalism and citizens' access
quality journalism and citizens'
access to information. It
to information. It provides a
access to information. It
provides a fundamental
fundamental contribution to
provides a fundamental
contribution to public debate
public debate and the proper
contribution to public debate
and the proper functioning of a
functioning of a democratic
and the proper functioning of a
democratic society. In the
society. The increasing
democratic society. In the
transition from print to digital,
imbalance between powerful
transition from print to digital,
publishers of press publications
platforms and press publishers,
publishersThe wide
are facing problems in licensing
which can also be news
availability of press
the online use of their
agencies, has already led to a
publications online has given
publications and recouping their
remarkable regression of the
rise to the emergence of new
investments. In the absence of
media landscape on a regional
online services, such as news
recognition of publishers of
level. In the transition from
aggregators or media
press publications as
print to digital, publishers and
monitoring services, for
rightholders, licensing and
news agencies of press
which the reuse of press
enforcement in the digital
publications are facing
publications constitutes an
environment is often complex
problems in licensing the online
important part of their
and inefficient.
use of their publications and
business models and a source
recouping their investments. In
of revenues. Publishers of
the absence of recognition of
press publications are facing
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publishers of press publications
problems in licensing the online
as rightholders, licensing and
use of their publications and
enforcement in the digital
recoupingto the providers of
environment is often complex
these kind of services, making
and inefficient.
it more difficult for them to
recoup 
their investments. In
the absence of recognition of
publishers of press publications
as rightholders, licensing and
enforcement of rights in press
publications regarding online
uses by information society
service providers 
in the digital
environment isare often
complex and inefficient.
69.
(32)
The organisational and
(32) The organisational and
(32)
The organisational and
financial contribution of
financial contribution of
financial contribution of
publishers in producing press
publishers in producing press
publishers in producing press
publications needs to be
publications needs to be
publications needs to be
recognised and further
recognised and further
recognised and further
encouraged to ensure the
encouraged to ensure the
encouraged to ensure the
sustainability of the publishing
sustainability of the publishing
sustainability of the publishing
industry.It is therefore
industry and thereby to
industry. It is therefore
necessary to provide at Union
guarantee the availability of
necessary to provide at Union
level a harmonised legal
reliable information. It is
level a harmonised legalle-gal
protection for press publications
therefore necessary for Member
protection for press
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in respect of digital uses. Such
States to provide at Union level
publications in respect of
protection should be effectively
a harmonised legal protection
digitalonline uses by
guaranteed through the
for press publications in respect
information society service
introduction, in Union law, of
of the Union for digital uses.
providers, leaving unaffected
rights related to copyright for
Such protection should be
current copyright rules in
the reproduction and making
effectively guaranteed through
Union law applicable to uses
available to the public of press
the introduction, in Union law,
of press publications by other
publications in respect of digital
of rights related to copyright for
users, including individual
uses.
the reproduction and making
users. Such protection should
available to the public of press
be effectively guaranteed
publications in respect of digital
through the introduction, in
uses in order to obtain fair and
Union law, of rights related to
proportionate remuneration
copyright for the reproduction
for such uses. Private uses
and making available to the
should be excluded from this
public of press publications in
reference. In addition, the
respect of digital
listing in a search engine
usespublished by publishers
should not be considered as
established in a Member
fair and proportionate
State in respect of online uses
remuneration.
by information society service
providers within the meaning
of Directive (EU) 2015/1535
of the European Parliament
and of the Council.12 The

12
Directive (EU) 2015/1535 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 September 2015 laying down a procedure for the provision of
information in the field of technical regulations and of rules on Information Society services (OJ L 241, 17.9.2015, p. 1–15).

95

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legal protection for press
publications provided for by
this directive should only
benefit publishers established
in a Member State in the
meaning of the Treaty of the
functioning of the European
Union, i.e. when they have
their registered office, central
administration or principal
place of business within the
Union
.
70.
(33)
For the purposes of this
(33) For the purposes of this
(33)
For the purposes of this
Directive, it is necessary to
Directive, it is necessary to
Directive, it is necessary to
define the concept of press
define the concept of press
define the concept of press
publication in a way that
publication in a way that
publication in a way that
embraces only journalistic
embraces only journalistic
embraces only journalistic
publications, published by a
publications, published by a
publications, published by a
service provider, periodically or
service provider, periodically or
service provider, periodically or
regularly updated in any media,
regularly updated in any media,
regularly updated in any media,
for the purpose of informing or
for the purpose of informing or
for the purpose of informing or
entertaining. Such publications
entertaining. Such publications
entertaining.in any media,
would include, for instance,
would include, for instance,
including on paper, in the
daily newspapers, weekly or
daily newspapers, weekly or
context of an economic
monthly magazines of general
monthly magazines of general
activity which constitutes a
or special interest and news
or special interest and news
provision of services under
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websites. Periodical
websites. Periodical
Union law. The press
publications which are
publications which are
publications to be covered are
published for scientific or
published for scientific or
those whose purpose is to
academic purposes, such as
academic purposes, such as
inform the general public and
scientific journals, should not
scientific journals, should not
which are periodically or
be covered by the protection
be covered by the protection
regularly updated. Such
granted to press publications
granted to press publications
publications would include, for
under this Directive. This
under this Directive. This
instance, daily newspapers,
protection does not extend to
protection does not extend to
weekly or monthly magazines
acts of hyperlinking which do
acts of hyperlinking which do
of general or special interest
not constitute communication to not constitute communication to
and news websites. Press
the public.
the public. The protection shall
publications contain mostly
also not extend to factual
literary works but
information which is reported
increasingly include other
in journalistic articles from a
types of works and subject-
press publication and will
matter, notably photographs
therefore not prevent anyone
and videos. Periodical
from reporting such factual
publications wich are published
information.
for scientific or academic
purposes, such as scientific
journals, should not be covered
by the protection granted to
press publications under this
Directive. This protection does
not extend to acts of
hyperlinking which do not
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constitute communication to the
public.
71.
(34)
The rights granted to the
(34) The rights granted to the
(34)
The rights granted to the
publishers of press publications
publishers of press publications
publishers of press publications
under this Directive should
under this Directive should
under this Directive should
have the same scope as the
have the same scope as the
have the same scope as the
rights of reproduction and
rights of reproduction and
rights of reproduction and
making available to the public
making available to the public
making available to the public
provided for in Directive
provided for in Directive
provided for in Directive
2001/29/EC, insofar as digital
2001/29/EC, insofar as digital
2001/29/EC, insofar as
uses are concerned. They
uses are concerned. They
digitalonline uses are
should also be subject to the
Member States should also be
concerned.by information
same provisions on exceptions
able to subject those rights to
society service providers are
and limitations as those
the same provisions on
concerned. They should not
applicable to the rights
exceptions and limitations as
extend to acts of hyperlinking
provided for in Directive
those applicable to the rights
when they do not constitute
2001/29/EC including the
provided for in Directive
communication to the public.
exception on quotation for
2001/29/EC including the
They should also be subject to
purposes such as criticism or
exception on quotation for
the same provisions on
review laid down in Article
purposes such as criticism or
exceptions and limitations as
5(3)(d) of that Directive.
review laid down in Article
those applicable to the rights
5(3)(d) of that Directive.
provided for in Directive
2001/29/ECincluding the
exception on quotation for
purposes such as criticism or
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review laid down in Article
5(3)(d) of that Directive.
72.
(34a) Uses of press
publications by information
society service providers can
consist of the use of entire
publications or articles but
also of parts of press
publications. Such uses of
parts of press publications
have also gained economic
relevance. At the same time,
where such parts are
insubstantial, the use thereof
by information society service
providers may not undermine
the investments made by
publishers of press
publications in the
production of content.
Furthermore, insubstantial
parts of press publications
are not usually the expression
of the intellectual creation of
their authors, in accordance
with the case law of the Court

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of Justice of the European
Union. Therefore, it is
appropriate to provide that
the use of insubstantial parts
of press publications should
not fall within the scope of the
rights provided for in this
Directive. To determine the
insubstantial nature of parts
of press publications for the
purposes of this Directive,
Member States may take into
account whether these parts
are the expression of the
intellectual creation of their
authors or whether these
parts are limited to individual
words or very short excerpts,
without independent
economic significance, or
both criteria.

73.
(35)
The protection granted
(35) The protection granted to
(35)
The protection granted
to publishers of press
publishers of press publications
to publishers of press
publications under this
under this Directive should not
publications under this
Directive should not affect the
affect the rights of the authors
Directive should not affect the
rights of the authors and other
and other rightholders in the
rights of the authors and other
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rightholders in the works and
works and other subject-matter
rightholders in the works and
other subject-matter
incorporated therein, including
other subject-matter
incorporated therein, including
as regards the extent to which
incorporated therein, including
as regards the extent to which
authors and other rightholders
as regards the extent to which
authors and other rightholders
can exploit their works or other
authors and other rightholders
can exploit their works or other
subject-matter independently
can exploit their works or other
subject-matter independently
from the press publication in
subject-matter independently
from the press publication in
which they are incorporated.
from the press publication in
which they are incorporated.
Therefore, publishers of press
which they are incorporated.
Therefore, publishers of press
publications should not be able
Therefore, publishers of press
publications should not be able
to invoke the protection granted
publications should not be able
to invoke the protection granted
to them against authors and
to invoke the protection granted
to them against authors and
other rightholders. This is
to them against authors and
other rightholders. This is
without prejudice to contractual
other rightholders. or against
without prejudice to contractual
arrangements concluded
other authorised users of the
arrangements concluded
between the publishers of press
same works and other
between the publishers of press
publications, on the one side,
subject-matter. This is without
publications, on the one side,
and authors and other
prejudice to contractual
and authors and other
rightholders, on the other side.
arrangements concluded
rightholders, on the other side.
Notwithstanding the fact that
between the publishers of press
authors of the works
publications, on the one side,
incorporated in a press
and authors and other
publication receive an
rightholders, on the other side.
appropriate reward for the use
of their works on the basis of
the terms for licensing of their
work to the press publisher,

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authors whose work is
incorporated in a press
publication should be entitled
to an appropriate share of the
new additional revenues press
publishers receive for certain
types of secondary use of their
press publications by
information society service
providers in respect of the
rights provided for in Article
11(1) of this Directive. The
amount of the compensation
attributed to the authors
should take into account the
specific industry licensing
standards regarding works
incorporated in a press
publication which are accepted
as appropriate in the respective
Member State; and the
compensation attributed to
authors should not affect the
licensing terms agreed between
the author and the press
publisher for the use of the

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author’s article by the press
publisher.

74.
(36)
Publishers, including
(36) Publishers, including
(36)
Publishers, including
those of press publications,
those of press publications,
those of press publications,
books or scientific publications,
books or scientific publications,
books or scientific publications,
often operate on the basis of the
often and music publications,
often operate on the basis of the
transfer of authors' rights by
operate on the basis of the
transfer of authors' rights by
means of contractual
transfer of authors' rights by
means of contractual
agreements. In this context,
means of contractual
agreements or statutory
publishers make an investment
agreements with authors. In
provisions. In this context,
with a view to the exploitation
this context, publishers make an
publishers make an investment
of the works contained in their
investment and acquire rights,
with a view to the exploitation
publications and may in some
in some fields including rights
of the works contained in their
instances be deprived of
to claim a share of
publications and may in some
revenues where such works are
compensation within joint
instances be deprived of
used under exceptions or
collective management
revenues where such works are
limitations such as the ones for
organisations of authors and
used under exceptions or
private copying and
publishers, with a view to the
limitationssuch as the ones for
reprography. In a number of
exploitation of the works
private copying and
Member States compensation
contained in their publications
reprography., including the
for uses under those exceptions
and may in some instances be
corresponding existing
is shared between authors and
therefore also find themselves
national schemes for
publishers. In order to take
being deprived of revenues
reprography in the Member
account of this situation and
where such works are used
States, or under public
improve legal certainty for all
under exceptions or limitations
lending schemes. In a number
concerned parties, Member
such as the ones for private
of Member States the
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States should be allowed to
copying and reprography. In a
compensation or remuneration
determine that, when an author
large number of Member States
for such uses under those
has transferred or licensed his
compensation for uses under
exceptions is shared between
rights to a publisher or
those exceptions is shared
authors and publishers. In order
otherwise contributes with his
between authors and publishers.
to take account of this situation
works to a publication and there
In order to take account of this
and improve legal certainty for
are systems in place to
situation and to improve legal
all concerned parties, Member
compensate for the harm caused
certainty for all concerned
States should be allowed but
by an exception or limitation,
parties, Member States should
not obliged to determine that,
publishers are entitled to claim
be allowed to determine that,
when an author has transferred
a share of such compensation,
when an author has transferred
or licensed his rights to a
whereas the burden on the
or licensed his rights to a
publisher or a collective
publisher to substantiate his
publisher or otherwise
management organisation
claim should not exceed what is
contributes with his works to a
that jointly represents
required under the system in
publication and there are
authors and publishers or
place.
systems in place to compensate
otherwise contributes with his
for the harm caused by an
works to a publication and there
exception or limitation,
are systems in place to
publishers are entitled to claim
compensate for the harm caused
a share of such compensation,
by an exception or limitation,
whereas the burden on the
publishers are entitled to claim
publisher to substantiate his
a share of such compensation,
claim should not exceed what is
whereas. The same possibility
required under the system in
should exist for remuneration
place. provide an equivalent
for public lending, while
compensation-sharing system
Member States should remain
if such a system was in
free to decide not to provide
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operation in that Member State
publishers with such
before 12 November 2015. The
remuneration. Member States
share between authors and
should remain free to
publishers of such
determine the burden on the
compensation could be set in
publisher to substantiate his
the internal distribution rules
claim should not exceed what is
of the collective management
required underfor the
organisation acting jointly on
systemcompensation or
behalf of authors and
remuneration and to lay
publishers, or set by Members
down the conditions as to the
States in law or regulation, in
sharing of this compensation
accordance with the equivalent
or remuneration between
system that was in operation in
authors and publishers in
that Member State before 12
placeaccordance with their
November 2015. This provision
national systems.
is without prejudice to the
arrangements in the Member
States concerning public
lending rights, the
management of rights not
based on exceptions or
limitations to copyright, such
as extended collective licensing
schemes, or concerning
remuneration rights on the
basis of national law.

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75.
(36 a) Cultural and creative
industries (CCIs) play a key
role in reindustrialising
Europe, are a driver for
growth and are in a strategic
position to trigger innovative
spill-overs in other industrial
sectors. Furthermore CCIs are
a driving force for innovation
and development of ICT in
Europe. Cultural and creative
industries in Europe provide
more than 12 million full-time
jobs, which amounts to 7,5 %
of the Union's work force,
creating approximately EUR
509 billion in value added to
GDP (5,3 % of the EU's total
GVA). The protection of
copyright and related rights
are at the core of the CCI's
revenue.

76.
(37)
Over the last years, the
(37) Over the last years, the
(37)
Over the last years, the
functioning of the online
functioning of the online
functioning of the online
content marketplace has gained
content marketplace market has
content marketplace has gained
in complexity. Online services
gained in complexity. Online
in complexity. Online content
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providing access to copyright
services providing access to
sharing services providing
protected content uploaded by
copyright protected content
access to a large amount of
their users without the
uploaded by their users without
copyright -protected content
involvement of right holders
the involvement of right holders
uploaded by their users without
have flourished and have
have flourished and have
the involvement of right holders
become main sources of access
become main sources of access
have flourisheddeveloped and
to content online. This affects
to copyright protected content
have become main sources of
rightholders' possibilities to
online. Online services are
access to content online.
determine whether, and under
means of providing wider
ThisLegal uncertainty exists
which conditions, their work
access to cultural and creative
as to whether such services
and other subject-matter are
works and offer great
engage in copyright relevant
used as well as their
opportunities for cultural and
acts and need to obtain
possibilities to get an
creative industries to develop
authorisations from
appropriate remuneration for it.
new business models.
rightholders for the content
However, although they allow
uploaded by their users who
for diversity and ease of access
do not hold the relevant rights
to content, they also generate
in the uploaded content,
challenges when copyright
without prejudice to the
protected content is uploaded
application of exceptions and
without prior authorisation
limitations provided for in
from rightholders. This affects
Union Law. This situation
rightholders' possibilities to
affects rightholders'
determine whether, and under
possibilities to determine
which conditions, their work
whether, and under which
and other subject-matter are
conditions, their work and other
used as well as their
subject-matter are content is
possibilities to get an
used as well as their
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appropriate remuneration for it,
possibilities to get an
since some user uploaded
appropriate remuneration for it.
content services do not enter
It is therefore important to
into licensing agreements on
foster the development of the
the basis that they claim to be
licensing market between
covered by the “safe-harbour” rightholders and online
exemption set out in Directive

content sharing service
2000/31/EC.
providers. These licensing
agreements should be fair and
keep a reasonable balance for
both parties. Rightholders
should receive an appropriate
reward for the use of their
works or other subject
matter.

77.
(37a) Certain information
(37a) The definition of an
society services, as part of their
online content sharing service
normal use, are designed to
provider under this Directive
give access to the public to
targets only online services
copyright protected content or
which play an important role
other subject-matter uploaded
on the online content market
by their users. The definition
by competing with other
of an online content sharing
online content services, such
service provider under this
as online audio and video
Directive shall cover
streaming services, for the
information society service
same audiences. The services
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providers one of the main
covered by this intervention
purposes of which is to store
are those the main or one of
and give access to the public or
the main purposes of which is
to stream significant amounts
to provide access to a large
of copyright protected content
amount of copyright-
uploaded / made available by
protected content uploaded
its users, and that optimise
by their users with the
content, and promote for profit
purpose of obtaining profit
making purposes, including
therefrom, either directly or
amongst others displaying,
indirectly, by organising it
tagging, curating, sequencing,
and promoting it in order to
the uploaded works or other
attract more audiences.
subject-matter, irrespective of
Organising and promoting
the means used therefor, and
content involves for example
therefore act in an active way.
indexing the content,
As a consequence, they cannot
presenting it in a certain
benefit from the liability
manner and categorising it,
exemption provided for in
as well as using targeted
Article 14 of Directive
promotion on it. The
2000/31/EC. The definition of
definition does not include
online content sharing service
services whose main purpose
providers under this Directive
is not to provide access to
does not cover
copyright protected content
microenterprises and small
with the purpose of obtaining
sized enterprises within the
profit from this activity.
meaning of Title I of the
These include, for instance,
Annex to Commission
electronic communication
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Recommendation 2003/361/EC
services within the meaning
and service providers that act
of Regulation 2015/2120/EU,
in a non-commercial purpose
including internet access
capacity such as online
providers, as well as
encyclopaedia, and providers
providers of cloud services
of online services where the
which allow users, to upload
content is uploaded with the
content for their own use,
authorisation of all right
such as cyberlockers, or
holders concerned, such as
online marketplaces whose
educational or scientific
main activity is online retail
repositories. Providers of cloud
and not giving access to
services for individual use
copyright protected content.
which do not provide direct
Nor does this definition cover
access to the public, open
websites which store and
source software developing
provide access to content for
platforms, and online market
non-for-profit purposes, such
places whose main activity is
as online encyclopaedias,
online retail of physical goods,
scientific or educational
should not be considered
repositories or open source
online content sharing service
software developing
providers within the meaning
platforms which do not store
of this Directive.
and give access to content for
profit making purposes. In
order to ensure the high level
of copyright protection and to
avoid the possible application
of the liability exemption

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mechanism provided for in
this Directive, this Directive
should not apply to services
the main purpose of which is
to engage in or to facilitate
copyright piracy.

78.
(37b) The assessment of
whether an online content
sharing service provider
stores and gives access to a
large amount of copyright-
protected content needs to be
made on a case-by-case basis
and take account of a
combination of elements, such
as the audience of the service
and the number of files of
copyright-protected content
uploaded by the users of the
services.

(38)
This Directive clarifies
79.
(38)
Where information
(38) Where information
under which conditions the
society service providers store
society Online content sharing
Where information
and provide access to the public
service providers store and
society online content sharing
to copyright protected works or
provide access to the public to
service providers store and
other subject-matter uploaded
copyright protected works or
provide access  to copyright
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by their users, thereby going
other subject-matter uploaded
protected works or other
beyond the mere provision of
by their users, thereby going
subject-matter uploaded by
physical facilities and
beyond the mere provision of
their users, thereby going
performing an act of
physical facilities and
beyond the mere provision of
communication to the public,
performing perform an act of
physical facilities and
they are obliged to conclude
communication to the public,
performing are  engaging in an
licensing agreements with
they are obliged to and
act of communication to the
rightholders, unless they are
therefore are responsible for
public or making available to
eligible for the liability
their content and should
the public within the meaning
exemption provided in Article
therefore conclude fair and
of Article 3(1) and (2) of
14 of Directive 2000/31/EC of
appropriate licensing
Directive 2001/29/EC they are
the European Parliament and of
agreements with rightholders,
obliged to conclude licensing
the Council13.
unless they are eligible for.
agreements with rightholders,
Where licensing agreements
unless they are eligible for the
are concluded, they should
liability exemption provided in
also cover, to the same extent
Article 14 of Directive
and scope, the liability
2000/31/EC of the European
exemption provided in of users
Parliament and of the Council.
when they are acting in a non-
It does not change the
commercial capacity. In
concept of communication to
accordance with Article 14 of
the public or of making
Directive 2000/31/EC of the
available to the public under
European Parliament and of the
Union law nor does it affect
Council 11(2a) the
the possible application of
13
Directive 2000/31/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 8 June 2000 on certain legal aspects of information society services, in
particular electronic commerce, in the Internal Market (OJ L 178, 17.7.2000, p. 1–16).
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responsibility of online content
Article 3(1) and (2) of
sharing providers pursuant to
Directive 2001/29/EC to other
Article 13 does not extend to
services using copyright-
acts of hyperlinking in
protected content.
respect of press publications.
The dialogue between
stakeholders is essential in the
digital world. They should
define best practices to ensure
the functioning of licensing
agreements and cooperation
between online content sharing
service providers and
rightholders. Those best
practices should take into
account the extent of the
copyright infringing content
on the service.

80.
In respect of Article 14, it is
Deleted
Deleted, partly moved to
necessary to verify whether the
recital (37a) Council's text –
service provider plays an active
see row 77
role, including by optimising
the presentation of the uploaded
works or subject-matter or
promoting them, irrespective of
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the nature of the means used
therefor.
81.
In order to ensure the
Deleted
Deleted, partly moved to
functioning of any licensing
recital (38c) Council's text –
agreement, information society
see row 84
service providers storing and
providing access to the public
to large amounts of copyright
protected works or other
subject-matter uploaded by
their users should take
appropriate and proportionate
measures to ensure protection
of works or other subject-
matter, such as implementing
effective technologies. This
obligation should also apply
when the information society
service providers are eligible
for the liability exemption
provided in Article 14 of
Directive 2000/31/EC.
82.
(38a) [Renumbered - in ST
9134/18 recital 38(b)]
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When online content sharing
service providers
communicate to the public,
they should not benefit from
the limited liability provided
for in Article 14 of Directive
2000/31/EC for the purposes
of copyright relevant acts.
This should not affect the
possibility for the same online
content sharing providers to
benefit from such exemption
of liability for other purposes
than copyright when they are
providing their services and
host content at the request of
their users in accordance with
Article 14 of Directive
2000/31/EC.

83.
(38b) [Renumbered - in ST
9134/18 recital (38c)]

Taking into account the fact
that online content sharing
service providers give access
to content which is not
uploaded by them but by

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their users, it is appropriate
to provide that, for cases
where no authorisation has
been obtained by the services
and, for the purpose of this
Directive, they should not be
liable for unauthorised acts in
specific, well-defined
circumstances, when they
demonstrate that they have
acted in a diligent manner
with the objective to prevent
such unauthorised acts,
without prejudice to remedies
under national law for cases
other than liability for
copyright infringements and
to the possibility for national
courts or administrative
authorities of issuing
injunctions. In particular,
they should not be liable if
some unauthorised content is
available on their services
despite their best efforts to
prevent its availability by
applying effective and

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proportionate measures
based on the information
provided by rightholders. In
addition, for the online
content sharing service
providers not to be liable,
they should also in any case,
upon notification by
rightholders of specific
unauthorised works or other
subject-matter, act
expeditiously to remove or
disable access to these and
make their best efforts to
prevent their future
availability.

84.
(38c) [Renumbered - in ST
9134/18 recital (38ca)]

Appropriate collaboration
carried out in good faith
between online content
sharing service providers and
rightholders is essential for
the effective application of the
measures by the online

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content sharing service
providers. These service
providers should be
transparent towards
rightholders with regard to
the deployed measures. As
different measures may be
used by the online content
sharing service providers,
they should provide
rightholders with appropriate
information on the type of
measures used and the way
they operate, including for
example information on the
success rate of the measures.
Such information should be
sufficiently specific to provide
enough transparency for
rightholders and allow
cooperation to ensure
effective functioning of the
measures, without prejudice
to the business secrets of
service providers. Service
providers should however not
be required to provide

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rightholders with detailed
and individualised
information for each work
and other subject matter
identified. This is without
prejudice to contractual
arrangements, which may
contain more specific
provisions on the information
to be provided where
agreements are concluded
between service providers
and rightholders. On the
other hand, rightholders
should provide the service
providers with necessary and
relevant data for the
application of the measures to
their specific unauthorised
works or other subject matter
taking also into account the
size of  rightholders and the
type of their works and other
subject matter. As long as no
data for the application of the
measures or no notification
concerning removal or

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disabling access to specific
unauthorised works or other
subject matter has been
provided by rightholders and,
as a result, online content
sharing service providers
cannot take the measures or
expeditious action as set out
in this Directive, these service
providers should not be liable
for unauthorised acts of
communication to the public
or of making available to the
public.

85.
(38d) Where online content
sharing service providers
obtain authorisations,
including via licensing
agreements, for the use on the
service of content uploaded
by the users of the services,
these authorisations should
also cover the copyright
relevant acts in respect of
uploads by the users but only
in cases where the users act in

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their private capacity and for
non-commercial purposes,
such as sharing their content
without any profit making
purpose.

(38e) The measures taken by
the online content sharing
service providers to prevent
the availability of
unauthorised works or other
subject-matter should be
effective but remain
proportionate, in particular
with regard to the size of the
online content sharing service
provider. While this Directive
is expected to foster the
development of effective
technologies on the market,
the availability of the
measures may differ
according to the type of
content for which the
measures are applied. Having
regard to the technological
developments in line with
industry best practices, those

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measures should
consequently ensure a level of
efficiency appropriate to the
amount and the type of works
or other subject matter
uploaded by the users of the
services. For the purposes of
assessing the proportionality
of measures to be taken by
the online content sharing
service providers, the state of
the art of existing
technologies for the different
types of content as well as the
size of the services should be
taken into account notably
whether they are small and
micro enterprises. Different
measures may be appropriate
and proportionate per type of
content and it is therefore not
excluded that in some cases
unauthorised content may
only be avoided upon
notification of rightholders.
The measures should be
proportionate in order to

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avoid imposing
disproportionately
complicated or costly
obligations on certain online
content sharing service
providers, taking into account
notably their small size. In
particular, small and micro
enterprises as defined in Title
I of the Annex to Commission
Recommendation
2003/361/EC, should be
expected to be subject to less
burdensome obligations than
larger service providers.
Therefore, taking into
account the state of the art
and the availability of
technologies and their costs,
in specific cases it may not be
proportionate to expect small
and micro enterprises to
apply preventive measures
and that therefore in such
cases these enterprises should
only be expected to
expeditiously remove specific

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unauthorised works and
other subject matter upon
notification by rightholders.

86.
(39)
Collaboration between
(39) Collaboration between
(39) Moved up to
information society service
information society Member
recital (38c)[which was
providers storing and providing
States should provide that
recital (38ca) in ST
access to the public to large
where right holders do not
9134/18]
amounts of copyright protected
wish to conclude licensing
works or other subject-matter
agreements, online content
uploaded by their users and
sharing service providers
rightholders is essential for the
storing and providing access to
functioning of technologies,
the public to large amounts of
such as content recognition
copyright and right holders
technologies. In such cases,
should cooperate in good faith
rightholders should provide the
in order to ensure that
necessary data to allow the
unauthorised protected works
services to identify their content
or other subject matter
and the services should be
uploaded by, are not available
transparent towards
on their users and rightholders
rightholders with regard to the
is essential for the functioning
deployed technologies, to allow
of technologies, such as content
the assessment of their
recognition technologies. In
appropriateness. The services
such cases, rightholders should
should in particular provide
provide the necessary data to
rightholders with information
allow the services. Cooperation
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on the type of technologies
between online to identify their
used, the way they are operated
content and the services should
and their success rate for the
be transparent towards
recognition of rightholders'
rightholders with regard to the
content. Those technologies
deployed technologies, to allow
should also allow rightholders
the assessment of their
to get information from the
appropriateness. The services
information society service
should in particular provide
providers on the use of their
rightholders with information
content covered by an
on the type of technologies
agreement.
used, the way they are operated
and their success rate for the
recognition of rightholders'
content. Those technologies
should also allow rightholders
to get information from the
information society service
providers on the use of their
content and right holders
should not lead to preventing
the availability of non-
infringing works or other
protected subject matter,
including those 
covered by an
agreement exception or
limitation to copyright
.
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87.
(39a) Members States should
(39a) [Renumbered - in ST
ensure that online content
9134/18 recital (39b)]
sharing service providers
The measures taken by the
referred to in paragraph 1 put
online content sharing service
in place effective and
providers should be without
expeditious complaints and
prejudice to the application of
redress mechanisms that are
exceptions and limitations to
available to users in case the
copyright, including in
cooperation referred to in
particular those which
paragraph 2a leads to
guarantee the freedom of
unjustified removals of their
expression of users. For that
content. Any complaint filed
purpose the service providers
under such mechanisms
should put in place
should be processed without
mechanisms allowing users to
undue delay. Right holders
complain about the blocking
should reasonably justify their
or removal of uploaded
decisions to avoid arbitrary
content that could benefit
dismissal of complaints.
from an exception or
Moreover, in accordance with
limitation to copyright.
Directive 95/46/EC, Directive
Replies to the users’
2002/58/EC and the General
complaints should be
Data Protection Regulation,
provided in a timely manner.
the cooperation should not
To make these mechanisms
lead to any identification of
function, cooperation from
individual users nor the
rightholders is needed, in
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processing of their personal
particular with regard to the
data. Member States should
assessment of the complaints
also ensure that users have
submitted and justifications
access to an independent body
for the removal of users’
for the resolution of disputes
content. Member States
as well as to a court or another
should remain free to put in
relevant judicial authority to
place independent authorities
assert the use of an exception
for assessing the complaints
or limitation to copyright rules.
submitted by users and
making decisions on their
validity. The redress
mechanism should be without
prejudice to the right of the
parties to take action before a
court.

88.
(39b) As soon as possible
(39b) [Renumbered - in ST
after the entry into force of this
9134/18 recital (39c)]
Directive, the Commission and
In order to foster best
the Member States should
practices with regard to the
organise dialogues between
measures to be taken by
stakeholders to harmonise and
online content sharing service
to define best practices. They
providers to avoid liability for
should issue guidance to
unauthorised copyright acts,
ensure the functioning of
stakeholder dialogues should
licensing agreements and on
be encouraged by the
cooperation between online
Member States and the
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content sharing service
Commission. In order to give
providers and right holders for
more clarity to the parties
the use of their works or other
some guidance should also be
subject matter within the
provided by the Commission
meaning of this Directive.
on the implementation of the
When defining best practices,
measures including as to
special account should be
which measures could be
taken of fundamental rights,
considered to be
the use of exceptions and
proportionate for different
limitations. Special focus
types of content. For the
should also be given to
purposes of the guidance the
ensuring that the burden on
Commission should consult
SMEs remains appropriate and
relevant stakeholders,
that automated blocking of
including user organisations
content is avoided.
and technology providers,
and take into account the
developments on the market.

89.
(39c) Member States should
ensure that an intermediate
mechanism exists enabling
service providers and
rightholders to find an
amicable solution to any
dispute arising from the terms
of their cooperation
agreements. To that end,

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Member States should appoint
an impartial body with all the
relevant competence and
experience necessary to assist
the parties in the resolution of
their dispute.

90.
(39d) As a principle,
rightholders should always
receive fair and appropriate
remuneration. Authors and
performers who have
concluded contracts with
intermediaries, such as labels
and producers, should receive
fair and appropriate
remuneration from them,
either through individual
agreements and/ or collective
bargaining agreements,
collective management
agreements or rules having a
similar effect, for example
joint remuneration rules. This
remuneration should be
mentioned explicitly in the
contracts according to each

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mode of exploitation, including
online exploitation. Members
States should look into the
specificities of each sector and
should be allowed to provide
that remuneration is deemed
fair and appropriate if it is
determined in accordance with
the collective bargaining or
joint remuneration agreement.

91.
(40)
Certain rightholders
(40) Certain rightholders such
(40)
Certain rightholders
(40)
Certain rightholders
such as authors and performers
as authors and performers need
such as authors Authors and
such as authors Authors and
need information to assess the
information to assess the
performers need information to
performers need information to
economic value of their rights
economic value of their rights
assess the economic value of
assess the economic value of
which are harmonised under
which are harmonised under
their rights which are
their rights which are
Union law. This is especially
Union law. This is especially
harmonised under Union law.
harmonised under Union law.
the case where such
the case where such
This is especially the case
This is especially the case
rightholders grant a licence or a
rightholders grant a licence or a
where such rightholders
where such rightholders
transfer of rights in return for
transfer of rights in return for
natural persons grant a licence
natural persons grant a licence
remuneration. As authors and
remuneration. As authors and
or a transfer of rights for the
or a transfer of rights for the
performers tend to be in a
performers tend to be in a
purposes of exploitation in
purposes of exploitation in
weaker contractual position
weaker contractual position
return for remuneration. This
return for remuneration. This
when they grant licences or
when they grant licences or
need does not arise when the
need does not arise when the
transfer their rights, they need
transfer their rights, they need
contractual counterpart acts
contractual counterpart acts
information to assess the
information to assess the
as end user of the work and
as end of the work and does
continued economic value of
continued economic value of
does not exploit the work or
not exploit the work or
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their rights, compared to the
their rights, compared to the
performance itself, which
performance itself, which
remuneration received for their
remuneration received for their
could among others be the
could among others be the
licence or transfer, but they
licence or transfer, but they
case in some employment
case in some employment
often face a lack of
often face a lack of
contracts. Additionally, this
contracts. Additionally, this
transparency. Therefore, the
transparency. Therefore, the
need does not arise when the
need does not arise when the
sharing of adequate information
sharing of adequate
exploitation has ceased, or
exploitation has ceased, or
by their contractual
comprehensive and relevant
when the author or
when the author or performer
counterparts or their successors
information by their contractual
performer has granted licence has granted licence to the
in title is important for the
counterparts or their successors
to the general public without
general public without
transparency and balance in the
in title is important for the
remuneration.
remuneration.
system that governs the
transparency and balance in the
[Last two phrases of recital
remuneration of authors and
system that governs the
(40) of the COM proposal were
performers.
remuneration of authors and
[to be discussed further]
moved to new recital (40a) of
performers. The information
Council's text - see following
that authors and performers
row 92]
are entitled to expect should be
proportionate and cover all
modes of exploitation, direct
and indirect revenue
generated, including revenues
from merchandising, and the
remuneration due. The
information on the exploitation
should also include
information about the identity
of any sub-licensee or sub-
transferee. The transparency

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obligation should nevertheless
apply only where copyright
relevant rights are concerned.
[See Council’s recital (40a) -
row 92]

92.
(40a) As authors and
(40a) As authors and
performers tend to be in a
performers tend to be in a
weaker contractual position
weaker contractual position
when they grant licences or
when they grant licences or
transfer their rights, they need
transfer their rights, they need
information to assess the
information to assess the
continued economic value of
continued economic value of
their rights, compared to the
their rights, compared to the
remuneration received for their
remuneration received for their
licence or transfer, but they
licence or transfer, but they
often face a lack of
often face a lack of
transparency. Therefore, the
transparency. Therefore, the
sharing of adequate information
sharing of adequate and
by their contractual
accurate information by their
counterparts or their successors
contractual counterparts or their
in title is important for the
successors in title is important
transparency and balance in the
for the transparency and
system that governs the
balance in the system that
remuneration of authors and
governs the remuneration of
performers. The information
authors and performers. The
should be: timely to allow
information should be: timely
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access to recent data;
up-to-date to allow access to
adequate to include
recent data; adequate to
information relevant to the
include information relevant
exploitation of the work or
to the exploitation of the work
performance in a manner
or performance in a manner
that is comprehensible to the
that is comprehensible to the
author or performer; and
author or performer; and
sufficient to assess the
comprehensive to cover all
economic value of the rights
sources of revenues relevant to
in question. As long as
the case, including, where
exploitation is ongoing,
applicable,  merchandising
contractual counterparts of
revenues sufficient to assess
authors and performers
the economic value of the
should provide information
rights in question. As long as
available to them on all
exploitation is ongoing,
modes of exploitation and on
contractual counterparts of
all relevant revenues with a
authors and performers
regularity which is
should provide information
appropriate in the relevant
available to them on all
sector, but at least annually.
modes of exploitation and on
The processing of personal
all relevant revenues
data, such as contact details
worldwide with a regularity
and information on
which is appropriate in the
remuneration, that are
relevant sector, but at least
necessary to keep authors and
annually. The information
performers informed on the
should be provided in a
exploitation of their works
manner that is comprehensible
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and performances should be
to the author or performer and
carried out by those who need
it should allow the effective
to comply with the
assessment of the economic
transparency obligation on
value of the rights in question.
the basis of Article 6(1)(c) of
The transparency obligation
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on
should nevertheless apply only
the protection of natural
where copyright relevant rights
persons with regard to the
are concerned. The processing
processing of personal data
of personal data, such as
and the free movement of
contact details and
such data (General Data
information on remuneration,
Protection Regulation).
that are necessary to keep
authors and performers
informed on the exploitation
of their works and
performances should be
carried out by those who need
to comply with the
transparency obligation on
the basis of Article 6(1)(c) of
Regulation (EU) 2016/679 on
the protection of natural
persons with regard to the
processing of personal data
and the free movement of
such data (General Data
Protection Regulation).

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[to be discussed further]
93.
(40b) In order to ensure that
(40b) In order to ensure that
exploitation-related
exploitation-related
information is duly provided
information is duly provided
to authors and performers
to authors and performers
also in cases where the rights
also in cases where the rights
have been sublicensed by the
have been sublicensed by the
first contractor to other
first contractor to other
parties who exploit the rights,
parties who exploit the rights,
this Directive entitles authors
this Directive entitles authors
and performers, in cases
and performers, in cases
where the contractual partner where the first contractual
has provided the information
counterpart partner has
available to them, but the
provided the information
received information is not
available to them, but the
sufficient to assess the
received information is not
economic value of their
sufficient to assess the
rights, to request additional
economic value of their
relevant information on the
rights, to request additional
exploitation of the rights.
relevant information on the
This can be ensured either
exploitation of the rights. This
directly or through the
can be ensured either directly
contractual counterparts of
from sub-licensees or through
authors and performers.
the contractual counterparts
Member States should have
of authors and performers.
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the option, in compliance
Authors and performers and
with Union law, to provide
their contractual counterparts
for further measures through
may agree to keep the shared
national provisions to ensure
information confidential, but
transparency for authors and
authors and performers should
performers.
always have the possibility to
use the shared information for
exercising their rights under in
this Directive. 
Member States
should have the option, in
compliance with Union law,
to provide for further
measures through national
provisions to ensure
transparency for authors and
performers.

[to be discussed further]
94.
(41)
When implementing
(41)
When implementing
(41)
When implementing
(41)
When implementing
transparency obligations, the
transparency obligations, the
transparency obligations,
transparency obligations,
specificities of different content
specificities of different content
Member States should take
Member States should take
sectors and of the rights of the
sectors and of the rights of the
into account the specificities of
into account the specificities of
authors and performers in each
authors and performers in each
different content sectors and,
different content sectors and,
sector should be considered.
sector should be considered.
such as those of the rights of
such as those of the rights of
Member States should consult
Member States should consult
the authors and performers in
the authors and performers in
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all relevant stakeholders as that
all relevant stakeholders as that
eachmusic sector should be
eachmusic sector should be
should help determine sector-
should help determine sector-
considered. Member States
considered. Member States
specific requirements.
specific requirements.
should consult, the audiovisual
should consult, the audiovisual
Collective bargaining should be
Collective bargaining should be
sector and the publishing
sector and the publishing
considered as an option to reach
considered as an option to reach
sector and all relevant
sector and all relevant
an agreement between the
an agreement between the
stakeholders as that should help
stakeholders as that should help
relevant stakeholders regarding
relevant stakeholders regarding
determinebe involved when
determinebe involved when
transparency. To enable the
transparency. To enable the
determining such sector-
determining such sector-
adaptation of current reporting
adaptation of current reporting
specific requirements. Where
specific requirements. Where
practices to the transparency
practices to the transparency
relevant, the significance of
relevant, the significance of
obligations, a transitional
obligations, a transitional
the contribution of authors
the contribution of authors
period should be provided for.
period should be provided for.
and performers to the overall
and performers to the overall
The transparency obligations do
The transparency obligations do
work or performance should
work or performance should
not need to apply to agreements
not need to apply to agreements
also be considered. Collective
also be considered. Collective
concluded with collective
concluded with collective
bargaining should be
bargaining should be
management organisations as
management organisations as
considered as an option to reach
considered as an option to reach
those are already subject to
those are already subject to
an agreement between the
an agreement between the
transparency obligations under
transparency obligations under
relevant stakeholders regarding
relevant stakeholders regarding
Directive 2014/26/EU.
Directive 2014/26/EU.
transparency. which should
transparency. which should
ensure authors and
ensure authors and
performers the same or
performers the same or
higher level of transparency
higher level of transparency
as the minimum
as the minimum requirements
requirements provided for in
provided for in this Directive.
this Directive. To enable the
To enable the adaptation of
adaptation of current reporting
current reporting practices to
practices to the transparency
the transparency obligations, a
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obligations, a transitional
transitional period should be
period should be provided for.
provided for. The transparency
The transparency obligations do obligations do not need to apply
not need to apply to agreements
to agreements concluded with
concluded with collective
collective management
management organisations and
organisations and independent
independent management
management entities or by
entities or by other entities
other entities subject to the
subject to the national rules
national rules implementing
implementing Directive
Directive 2014/26/EU as those
2014/26/EU as those are
are already subject to
already subject to transparency
transparency obligations under
obligations under Directive
Directive 2014/26/EU. The
2014/26/EU.
transparency obligations do not
need to apply to agreements
concluded between
rightholders and 
collective
management organisations,
independent management
entities or other entities subject
to the national rules
implementing Directive
2014/26/EU as those
organisations or entities are
already subject to transparency
obligations under Article 18 of
Directive 2014/26/EU. Article
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18 of Directive 2014/26/EU
applies to organisations which
manage copyright or related
rights on behalf of more than
one rightholder for the
collective benefit of those
rightholders. This situation
differs from the one of
individually negotiated
agreements concluded
between rightholders and
their contractual partners
who act in their own interest
and are subject to the
transparency obligation
provided for in this Directive.

[to be discussed further]
95.
(42)
Certain contracts for the
(42) Certain contracts for the
(42)
Certain contracts for the
(42)
Certain contracts for the
exploitation of rights
exploitation of rights
exploitation of rights
exploitation of rights
harmonised at Union level are
harmonised at Union level are
harmonised at Union level are
harmonised at Union level are
of long duration, offering few
of long duration, offering few
of long duration, offering few
of long duration, offering few
possibilities for authors and
possibilities for authors and
possibilities for authors and
possibilities for authors and
performers to renegotiate them
performers to renegotiate them
performers to renegotiate them
performers to renegotiate them
with their contractual
with their contractual
with their contractual
with their contractual
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counterparts or their successors
counterparts or their successors
counterparts or their successors
counterparts or their successors
in title. Therefore, without
in title. Therefore, without
in title. when the economic
in title. when the economic
prejudice to the law applicable
prejudice to the law applicable
value of the rights turns out
value of the rights turns out
to contracts in Member States,
to contracts in Member States,
to be significantly higher than
to be significantly higher than
there should be a remuneration
there should be a remuneration
initially estimated. Therefore,
initially estimated. Therefore,
adjustment mechanism for
adjustment mechanism for
without prejudice to the law
without prejudice to the law
cases where the remuneration
cases where the remuneration
applicable to contracts in
applicable to contracts in
originally agreed under a
originally agreed under a
Member States, there should be
Member States, there should be
licence or a transfer of rights is
licence or a transfer of rights is
a remuneration adjustment
a remuneration adjustment
disproportionately low
disproportionately low
mechanism should be
mechanism should be
compared to the relevant
compared to the relevant direct
provided for cases where the
provided for cases where the
revenues and the benefits
and indirect revenues and the
remuneration originally agreed
remuneration originally agreed
derived from the exploitation of
benefits derived from the
under a licence or a transfer of
under a licence or a transfer of
the work or the fixation of the
exploitation of the work or the
rights isclearly becomes
rights isclearly becomes
performance, including in light
fixation of the performance,
disproportionately low
disproportionately low
of the transparency ensured by
including in light of the
compared to the relevant
compared to the relevant
this Directive. The assessment
transparency ensured by this
revenues and the benefits
revenues and the benefits
of the situation should take
Directive. The assessment of
derived from the subsequent
derived from the subsequent
account of the specific
the situation should take
exploitation of the work or the
exploitation of the work or the
circumstances of each case as
account of the specific
fixation of the performance,
fixation of the performance,
well as of the specificities and
circumstances of each caseas
including in light of by the
including in light of by the
practices of the different
well as of the specificities and
transparency ensured by this
transparency ensured by this
content sectors. Where the
practices of the different
Directive.contractual
Directive.contractual
parties do not agree on the
content sectors as well as of the
counterpart of the author or
counterpart of the author or
adjustment of the remuneration,
nature and the contribution to
performer. The assessment of
performer. The revenues
the author or performer should
the work of the author or
the situation should take
which should be taken into
be entitled to bring a claim
performer. Such a contract
account of the specific
account for the assessment of
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before a court or other
adjustment request could also
circumstances of each case,
the disproportion are all
competent authority.
be made by the organisation
including the contribution of
revenues relevant to the case,
representing the author or
the author or performer, as
including, where applicable,
performer on his or her behalf,
well as of the specificities and
merchandising revenues. The
unless the request would be
remuneration practices of the
assessment of the situation
detrimental to the interests of
different content sectors, and
should take account of the
the author or performer.
whether the contract is based
specific circumstances of each
Where the parties do not agree
on a collective bargaining
case, including the
on the adjustment of the
agreement. Where the parties
contribution of the author or
remuneration, the author or
do not agree on the adjustment
performer, as well as of the
performer or a representative
of the remuneration, the author
specificities and remuneration
organisation appointed by
or performer should be entitled
practices of the different
them should on request by the
to bring a claim before a court
content sectors, and whether
author or performer be entitled
or other competent authority.
the contract is based on a
to bring a claim before a court
This mechanism should not
collective bargaining
or other competent authority.
apply to contracts concluded
agreementDuly mandated
by entities defined in Article
professional defence bodies of
3(a) and (b) of Directive
authors and performers should
2014/26/EU or by other
have the possibility to provide
entities subject to the national
assistance in requesting the
rules implementing Directive
adjustment of the contracts on
2014/26/UE.
behalf of one or more authors,
also taking into account the
interests of other authors or
performers when relevant.
These organisations should
protect the identity of the

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represented authors and
performers in the proceedings
for as long as this is possible.
Where the parties do not agree
on the adjustment of the
remuneration, the author or
performer should be entitled to
bring a claim before a court or
other competent authority. This
mechanism should not apply
to contracts concluded by
entities defined in Article 3(a)
and (b) of Directive
2014/26/EU or by other
entities subject to the national
rules implementing Directive
2014/26/UE.

[to be discussed further]
96.
(43)
Authors and performers
(43) Authors and performers
(43)
Authors and performers
(43)
Authors and performers
are often reluctant to enforce
are often reluctant to enforce
are often reluctant to enforce
are often reluctant to enforce
their rights against their
their rights against their
their rights against their
their rights against their
contractual partners before a
contractual partners before a
contractual partners before a
contractual partners before a
court or tribunal. Member
court or tribunal. Member
court or tribunal. Member
court or tribunal. Member
States should therefore provide
States should therefore provide
States should therefore provide
States should therefore provide
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for an alternative dispute
for an alternative dispute
for an alternative dispute
for an alternative dispute
resolution procedure that
resolution procedure that
resolution procedure that
resolution procedure that
addresses claims related to
addresses claims related to
addresses claims by authors
addresses claims by authors
obligations of transparency and
obligations of transparency and
and performers or their
and performers or their
the contract adjustment
the contract adjustment
representatives on their
representatives on their
mechanism.
mechanism. Representative
behalf related to obligations of
behalf related to obligations of
organisations of authors and
transparency and the contract
transparency and the contract
performers, including
adjustment mechanism. For
adjustment mechanism. For
collective management
that purpose, Member States
that purpose, Member States
organisations and trade
may either create a new body
may either create a new body
unions, should be able to
or mechanism or rely on an
or mechanism or rely on an
initiate such procedures at the
existing one that fulfils the
existing one that fulfils the
request of authors and
conditions established by this
conditions established by this
performers. Details about who
Directive irrespective of
Directive irrespective of
initiated the procedure should
whether these are industry-
whether these are industry-
remain undisclosed.
led or public, including when
led or public, including when
incorporated in the national
incorporated in the national
judiciary system. Member
judiciary system. Member
States should have flexibility
States should have flexibility
in deciding how the costs of
in deciding how the costs of
the dispute resolution
the dispute resolution
procedure should be
procedure should be
allocated. This alternative
allocated. This alternative
dispute resolution procedure
dispute resolution procedure
should be without prejudice
should be without prejudice
to the right of parties to assert
to the right of parties to assert
and defend their rights by
and defend their rights by
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bringing an action before a
bringing an action before a
court.
courtProfessional defence
bodies of authors and
performers should be able to
initiate such procedures at the
request of authors and
performers. Details about who
initiated the procedure should
remain undisclosed.

[to be discussed further]
97.
(43a) When authors and
performers license or transfer
their rights, they expect their
work or performance to be
exploited. However, it happens
that works or performances
that have been licensed or
transferred are not exploited at
all. When these rights have
been transferred on an
exclusive basis, authors and
performers cannot turn to
another partner to exploit their
work. In such a case, and after

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a reasonable period of time has
lapsed, authors and performers
should have a right of
revocation allowing them to
transfer or license their right
to another person. Revocation
should also be possible when
the transferee or licensee has
not complied with his or her
reporting/transparency
obligation provided for in
Article 14 of this Directive.
The revocation should only be
considered after all the steps of
alternative dispute resolution
have been completed,
particularly with regard to
reporting. As exploitation of
works can vary depending on
the sectors, specific provisions
could be taken at national level
in order to take into account
the specificities of the sectors,
such as the audiovisual sector,
or of the works and the
anticipated exploitation
periods, notably providing for

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time limits for the right of
revocation. In order to prevent
abuses and take into account
that a certain amount of time
is needed before a work is
actually exploited, authors and
performers should be able to
exercise the right of revocation
only after a certain period of
time following the conclusion
of the license or of the transfer
agreement. National law
should regulate the exercise of
the right of revocation in the
case of works involving a
plurality of authors or
performers, taking into
account the relative
importance of the individual
contributions.

98.
(43b) To support the effective
application across Member
States of the relevant
provisions of this Directive, the
Commission should, in
cooperation with Member

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States, encourage the
exchange of best practices and
promote dialogue at Union
level.

99.
(43a) The obligations laid
(43a) The obligations laid
down in Articles 14 and 15 of
down in Articles 14, 15 and 16
this Directive should be of a
of this Directive should be of
mandatory nature and
a mandatory nature and
parties should not be able to
parties should not be able to
derogate from these
derogate from these
contractual provisions,
contractual provisions,
whether included in the
whether included in the
contracts between authors,
contracts between authors,
performers and their
performers and their
contractual counterparts or
contractual counterparts or
in agreements between those
in agreements between those
counterparts and third
counterparts and third
parties such as non-disclosure
parties such as non-disclosure
agreements. As a
agreements. As a
consequence, the rules set out
consequence, the rules set out
in Article 3(4) of the
in Article 3(4) of the
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008
of the European Parliament
of the European Parliament
and of the Council14 should
apply to the effect that where
all other elements relevant to

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and of the Council14 should
the situation at the time of the
apply to the effect that where
choice are located in one or
all other elements relevant to
more Member States, the
the situation at the time of the
parties’ choice of applicable
choice are located in one or
law other than that of a
more Member States, the
Member State shall not
parties’ choice of applicable
prejudice the application of
law other than that of a
Articles 14, 15 and 16, as
Member State shall not
implemented in the Member
prejudice the application of
State of the forum.
Articles 14 and 15, as
implemented in the Member
State of the forum.

100.
(44)
The objectives of this
(44)
The objectives of this
(44)
The objectives of this
Directive, namely the
Directive, namely the
Directive, namely the
modernisation of certain aspects
modernisation of certain aspects
modernisation of certain aspects
of the Union copyright
of the Union copyright
of the Union copyright
framework to take account of
framework to take account of
framework to take account of
technological developments and
technological developments and
technological developments and
new channels of distribution of
new channels of distribution of
new channels of distribution of
protected content in the internal
protected content in the internal
protected content in the internal
market, cannot be sufficiently
market, cannot be sufficiently
market, cannot be sufficiently
achieved by Member States but
achieved by Member States but
achieved by Member States but
14
Regulation (EC) No 593/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 June 2008 on the law applicable to contractual obligations
(Rome I) (OJ L 177, 4.7.2008, p. 6–16).

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can rather, by reason of their
can rather, by reason of their
can rather, by reason of their
scale, effects and cross-border
scale, effects and cross-border
scale, effects and cross-border
dimension, be better achieved at
dimension, be better achieved at
dimension, be better achieved at
Union level. Therefore, the
Union level. Therefore, the
Union level. Therefore, the
Union may adopt measures in
Union may adopt measures in
Union may adopt measures in
accordance with the principle of
accordance with the principle of
accordance with the principle of
subsidiarity as set out in
subsidiarity as set out in Article
subsidiarity as set out in
Article 5 of the Treaty on
5 of the Treaty on European
Article 5 of the Treaty on
European Union. In accordance
Union. In accordance with the
European Union. In accordance
with the principle of
principle of proportionality, as
with the principle of
proportionality, as set out in
set out in that Article, this
proportionality, as set out in
that Article, this Directive does
Directive does not go beyond
that Article, this Directive does
not go beyond what is
what is necessary in order to
not go beyond what is
necessary in order to achieve
achieve those objectives.
necessary in order to achieve
those objectives.
those objectives.
101.
(45)
This Directive respects
(45)
This Directive respects
(45)
This Directive respects
the fundamental rights and
the fundamental rights and
the fundamental rights and
observes the principles
observes the principles
observes the principles
recognised in particular by the
recognised in particular by the
recognised in particular by the
Charter of Fundamental Rights
Charter of Fundamental Rights
Charter of Fundamental Rights
of the European Union.
of the European Union.
of the European Union.
Accordingly, this Directive
Accordingly, this Directive
Accordingly, this Directive
should be interpreted and
should be interpreted and
should be interpreted and
applied in accordance with
applied in accordance with
applied in accordance with
those rights and principles.
those rights and principles.
those rights and principles.
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102.
(46)
Any processing of
(46) Any processing of
(46)
Any processing of
personal data under this
personal data under this
personal data under this
Directive should respect
Directive should respect
Directive should respect
fundamental rights, including
fundamental rights, including
fundamental rights, including
the right to respect for private
the right to respect for private
the right to respect for private
and family life and the right to
and family life and the right to
and family life and the right to
protection of personal data
protection of personal data
protection of personal data
under Articles 7 and 8 of the
under Articles 7 and 8 of the
under Articles 7 and 8 of the
Charter of Fundamental Rights
Charter of Fundamental Rights
Charter of Fundamental Rights
of the European Union and
of the European Union and
of the European Union and
must be in compliance with
must be in compliance with
must be in compliance with
Directive 95/46/EC of the
Directive 95/46/EC of the
Directive 95/46/EC of the
European Parliament and of the
European Parliament and of the
European Parliament and of the
Council15 Regulation (EU)
Council15 and Directive
Council15 and Directive
2016/679 and Directive
2002/58/EC of the European
2002/58/EC of the European
2002/58/EC of the European
Parliament and of the
Parliament and of the Council16. Parliament and of the Council16 Council16.
The provisions of the General
15
Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the
processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31–50). This Directive is repealed with effect
from 25 May 2018 and shall be replaced by Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on
the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing
Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (OJ L 119, 4.5.2016, p. 1–88).
16
Directive 2002/58/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 July 2002 concerning the processing of personal data and the
protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector (Directive on privacy and electronic communications) (OJ L 201, 31.7.2002,
p. 37–47), called, as amended by Directives 2006/24/EC and 2009/136/EC, the “e-Privacy Directive”.
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Data Protection Regulation,
including the "right to be
forgotten" should be respected.

103.
(46 a) It is important to stress
the importance of anonymity,
when handling personal data
for commercial purposes.
Additionally, the "by default"
not sharing option with
regards to personal data while
using online platform
interfaces should be promoted.

104.
(47)
In accordance with the
(47)
In accordance with the
(47)
In accordance with the
Joint Political Declaration of 28
Joint Political Declaration of 28
Joint Political Declaration of 28
September 2011 of Member
September 2011 of Member
September 2011 of Member
States and the Commission on
States and the Commission on
States and the Commission on
explanatory documents17,
explanatory documents17,
explanatory documents17,
Member States have undertaken
Member States have undertaken
Member States have undertaken
to accompany, in justified
to accompany, in justified
to accompany, in justified
cases, the notification of their
cases, the notification of their
cases, the notification of their
transposition measures with one
transposition measures with one
transposition measures with
or more documents explaining
or more documents explaining
one or more documents
the relationship between the
the relationship between the
explaining the relationship
17
OJ C 369, 17.12.2011, p. 14.
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components of a directive and
components of a directive and
between the components of a
the corresponding parts of
the corresponding parts of
directive and the corresponding
national transposition
national transposition
parts of national transposition
instruments. With regard to this
instruments. With regard to this
instruments. With regard to this
Directive, the legislator
Directive, the legislator
Directive, the legislator
considers the transmission of
considers the transmission of
considers the transmission of
such documents to be justified,
such documents to be justified,
such documents to be justified,
152