Developing an on-road test for
light-duty vehicles in Europe
24th CRC Real World Emissions Workshop
30 March – 2 April 2014
San Diego, USA
Martin Weiss, Pierre Bonnel, Francesco Riccobono, Theodoros Vlachos
European Commission DG - Joint Research Centre (JRC)
IET - Institute for Energy und Transport
Background - legislation
•
Regulation 715/2007 defines Euro 5/6 limits
•
Introduction of Euro 6 in September 2014
•
Reduction of NOX emissions from 180 mg/km to 80
mg/km
•
Additional provisions: “[…] to ensure that real world
emissions correspond to those measured at type
approval. The use of portable emission measurement
systems […] should also be considered.”
2/11
Background – NOX emissions
2.50
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 5
Euro 6
2.25
Route 1: rural-motorway
Route 2: rural-urban
2.00
Route 3: rural-uphill/downhill
km 1.75
Route 4: motorway
in g/
NEDC laboratory testing
s 1.50
Applicable emissions limit
ion 1.25
iss 1.00
em X 0.75
NO 0.50
0.25
0.00
)*
)*
)
)
)
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)
)
)
el
el
el
el
el
el
el
el
el
ine)
el
ine)
ine)
ine)
ine)
ine)
es
ol
es
es
es
ol
ol
es
es
es
es
ol
ol
ol
es
es
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
gas
I (di
J
A
(gas
C
D
E
(gas
H
K
(gas
(gas
(gas
O
P
B
F (
G
L
M
N
3/11
Background – NOX emissions
2.50
Euro 3
Euro 4
Euro 5
Euro 6
2.25
Route 1: rural-motorway
Route 2: rural-urban
2.00
Route 3: rural-uphill/downhill
km 1.75
Route 4: motorway
in g/
NEDC laboratory testing
s 1.50
Applicable emissions limit
ion 1.25
iss 1.00
em X 0.75
NO 0.50
0.25
0.00
)*
)*
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
el
el
el
el
el
el
el
el
el
ine)
el
ine)
ine)
ine)
ine)
ine)
es
ol
es
es
es
ol
ol
es
es
es
es
ol
ol
ol
es
es
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
(di
gas
I (di
J
A
(gas
C
D
E
(gas
H
K
(gas
(gas
(gas
O
P
B
F (
G
L
M
N
3/11
History: RDE test procedure
•
Establishment of the Real-Driving Emissions (RDE)
working group in 2011
•
Candidate procedures: Fixed test cycles
Random test cycles
PEMS on-road testing
Vehicle modeling
4/11
History: RDE test procedure
2D Graph 1
3.5
Route 1: rural-motorway
3.0
Route 2: rural-urban
Route 3: rural-uphill/downhill
Random cycles 1-5
2
2.5
s
NEDC
m/
2.0
ion in
at 1.5
eler
Acc 1.0
0.5
0.0
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Vehicle speed in km/h
5/11
Challenges in PEMS on-road testing
•
PEMS equipment:
•
Size, installation, and measurement performance
•
Safety
6/11
Challenges in PEMS on-road testing
•
PEMS equipment:
•
Size, installation, and measurement performance
•
Safety
•
Boundary conditions of on-road tests
•
Non-dynamic: altitude, ambient temperature
•
Dynamic, controlled: road grade, vehicle payload, route composition
•
Dynamic, partially uncontrolled: wind, vehicle speed and
acceleration, test duration
•
Data evaluation
•
Moving average windows
•
CO2 as indicator for driving severity
7/11
PEMS: data analysis (JRC approach)
Moving averaging window approach: Averages over sub-
sets of on-road tests; duration in line with type-approval
cycle
CO2 mass
Averaging
type-approval
windows
cycle
t t+1s
t+ns
How to determine the severity of on-
roa
d driv
ing?
8/11
PEMS: data analysis (JRC approach)
Moving averaging window approach
[g/km]
ns
ssio
Severe
emi
25-50%(?)
2
CO
age
er
Normal
Av
Soft
Low-speed
Medium-speed
High-speed
Extra high-speed
9/11
Tentative time schedule
•
Drafting of test procedure (mid 2014)
•
Implementation at Euro 6 dates (from September 2014)
•
Definition of not-to-exceed limits (spring 2015)
•
Feasibility of PEMS-PN (until spring 2015)
•
Random test cycle? (until spring 2015)
•
Type-approval testing against limits (September 2017)
10/11
Thank you!
Contact: Martin Weiss (xxxxxx.xxxxx@xxx.xx.xxxxxx.xx)
11/11