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Council of the 
 
 

 European Union 
   
 
Brussels, 30 September 2019 
(OR. en) 
    12496/19 
 
 
 
 
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COSI 199 

 
 
ENFOPOL 415 
CYBER 263 
JAI 984 
 
NOTE 
From: 
Presidency 
To: 
Permanent Representatives Committee/Council 
Subject: 
The future direction of EU internal security: new technologies and internal 
security 
 
 
Introduction 
At the JHA Council meeting in June 2019 and at the informal COSI meeting in July 2019, detailed 
discussions about the future of EU internal security took place, raising a number of topics that will 
require further, more focused discussions. One of those topics - the new or ‘disruptive’ 
technologies - has now been discussed in further detail at the September COSI meeting, raising 
questions requiring guidance at ministerial level. 
The overarching aim of those discussions on the threats, challenges and opportunities brought about 
by new technologies is to put European law enforcement in a position where it plays an active role 
and is able to benefit from major new technologies, while anticipating and minimising the risks 
associated with them. It is important to note that new technologies influence all authorities and EU 
agencies involved in protecting our internal security. 
 
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Taking into account the role of law enforcement and judicial authorities in securing cyberspace as a 
safe environment for citizens, it is important to ensure security and the authorities’ operational 
needs when developing new technology such as 5G. Moreover, the introduction of 5G networks 
will have multiple security implications, for instance in relation to data security and critical 
infrastructure. The EU’s common 5G security risk assessment and the forthcoming toolbox have an 
important role to play in terms of securing our future networks 
Overview of previous discussions 
Previous discussions were based on a series of Presidency documents1 and valuable contributions 
by the EU Counter-Terrorism Coordinator2 (EU CTC), identifying not only the most important 
technology trends to be monitored, such as 5G mobile networks, Artificial Intelligence or 
encryption and anonymisation, but also the increased use of drones and other unmanned aerial 
vehicles, the risk of fraud with biometric features thanks to biotechnology and the possible misuse 
of 3D printing. 
That said, technological developments also present a series of interesting opportunities for law 
enforcement, for instance in the fields of automation and interoperability, facial and number plate 
recognition or predictive policing based on the analysis of large quantities of data. 
From a legal point of view, it will be important to strike a balance between empowering law 
enforcement and preserving fundamental rights and the protection of personal data, also taking into 
account the principles of necessity and proportionality. 
Way forward 
The above areas of modern technological development will have a significant impact on many 
aspects of internal security as we know them today. The limitations of the current legal framework 
are obvious. They include issues such as profiling or the current challenges facing Europol in terms 
of processing personal data obtained from private parties. In the same vein, the fact that the EU is a 
leader in the protection of personal data imposes strict requirements on law enforcement. 
                                                 
1 
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2 
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As stressed in the ministerial discussion in June, the future of EU law enforcement lies in investing 
in innovation and technology and harnessing their potential, while maximising the use of available 
resources. Prioritisation of pooling equipment, know-how and resources, specialised capacity-
building and tactics, and enhanced partnerships with the private sector would allow for common 
policing solutions tailored to the evolving needs of Member States’ authorities. This should be 
supported by a structured and long-term approach to the training of law enforcement. 
Based on the discussion in COSI, the Member States support the creation of an overarching 
structure at Europol dedicated for example to analysing any developments in this field, innovation 
and research, and dialogue with the industry and academia, so that EU law enforcement can become 
a truly proactive player in terms of the impact of technological developments on internal security. 
This structure could take the form of an Innovation Lab. 
At the same time, Member States called for a better definition of the tasks and priorities of such a 
Lab, and pointed out the need to address the financing of any new assignments. 
Conclusion 
In order to define the way forward on the basis of the discussion, delegations are invited to discuss 
the following questions: 
Do the Ministers agree that: 
  it is essential to adopt a coordinated approach on how to address the threats, challenges and 
opportunities brought about by new technologies, in order to ensure synergies and avoid 
overlaps between different actors, such as national authorities and different EU agencies, 
  the Innovation Lab to be created at Europol should monitor and drive innovation, including 
the creation of common technological solutions in order to pool scarce resources and generate 
savings, 
  the Innovation lab should bring together law enforcement with academia and existing actors 
in the public sector and, 
  the needs of law enforcement should be systematically taken into account across relevant 
sectors of technology, such as in the case of 5G and lawful interception. 
 
 
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